<hasAreaDescriptionrdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Generally, all the skin is affected by seborrhea, but the folds of skin between the toes, in the armpits, on the belly and perineum (the area under a dog’s tail), and at the bottom of the neck are usually worse.</hasAreaDescription>
<hasDiagnoseDescriptionrdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">A skin scraping to test for mites and lice.An impression cytology (collection) of skin and ear debris to test for a yeast or bacterial infection that looks like seborrhea, such as Malassezia yeast.A blood chemistry panel to screen for diabetes or Cushing’s disease (your vet will need further tests to confirm the diagnosis before starting treatment).A blood test for thyroid hormone levels to determine whether your dog has hypothyroidism.A biopsy to look for autoimmune disease or cancer.</hasDiagnoseDescription>
<hasTreatmentDescriptionrdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Needs frequent baths with anti-seborrheic shampoos, typically every 2 or 3 days to start with. These shampoos typically contain coal tar and salicylic acid.Frequent bathing is continued for 2-3 weeks or longer, until the skin improves. The goal of bathing is to remove excess keratin. Depending on how your dog responds to treatment, bathing frequency may decrease to every 1 to 2 weeks, or it may stay at every 2 to 3 days.clean your dog’s ears with a medicated ear cleaner every 2 to 3 days. If there is an infection in the ears, your veterinarian will prescribe an ear medication as well. dog may also be started on prednisone to decrease inflammation and debris buildup. Regular rechecks with your veterinarian, typically every one to three weeks, are important to monitor how your dog is responding to treatment.</hasTreatmentDescription>
<hasPreventionDescriptionrdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Keep your dog properly fed to prevent dry skin.When bathing your dog, use dog-formulated shampoo to prevent dry skin.Groom your dog regularly; some problems are caused by matted hair that provides breeding grounds for a variety of skin diseases. Regular grooming also helps keep you aware of any initial problems.Keep your dog flea and parasite free.Check your dog regularly for foxtails, burrs, and other sharp objects they may pick up when outside.You should also look for seeds, burrs and sharp plants or objects they may have picked up on a walk.suggest bathing your dog more frequently to prevent dandruff. using a specially formulated dog dandruff shampoo and making sure you dry your pet thoroughly after their bath.omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E that promote a healthy coat and immune system.</hasPreventionDescription>
<hasCasueDescriptionrdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Primary seborrhea is a congenital, genetic disease that typically starts at a young age and gets worse as your dog gets older. West Highland White Terriers, Basset Hounds, American Cocker Spaniels, and English Springer Spaniels are most commonly affected.</hasCasueDescription>
<hasCasueDescriptionrdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Skin allergies to fleas, food, and the environment.Hypothyroidism, caused by an underactive thyroid gland.Cushing’s disease, caused by an overactive adrenal gland.Diabetes mellitus.Mites and lice.Autoimmune diseases like pemphigus foliaceus, sebaceous adenitis, and lupus erythematosus.A type of cancer called cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma.Vitamin deficiencies like zinc-responsive dermatosis and vitamin A-responsive dermatosis.Dogs with lots of skin folds, like Basset Hounds, usually experience more affected skin in those folds.</hasCasueDescription>
<hasTreatmentDescriptionrdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Hypothyroidism: If your dog has hypothyroidism, they are treated with hormone replacement, an oral medication called levothyroxine that your dog will take for the rest of their life.Cushing’s disease: Treatment of Cushing’s disease involves lifelong medication called Vetoryl. Diabetes: Treatment of diabetes requires daily insulin injections. Cancer or autoimmune disease: If a biopsy shows that your dog has autoimmune disease or cancer, they will be started on medication to manage the disease, or your veterinarian may refer you to a specialist. Lice or mites: If a skin scraping finds lice or mites, the veterinarian will put your dog on medication to kill the parasites.Fleas: If your dog has fleas, a monthly flea preventative will curb flea allergies that can cause or worsen seborrhea.Vitamin deficiency: If your veterinarian suspects vitamin A-responsive dermatitis or zinc-responsive dermatitis, they will recommend additional vitamins in your dog’s diet. Food allergy: If your veterinarian suspects a primary food allergy, they may recommend a hypoallergenic food trial.Infection: If your dog has an infection that developed because of seborrhea, then the infection must be treated. Your dog will require a three- to four-week course of oral antibiotics and/or antifungals.</hasTreatmentDescription>
<hasAreaDescriptionrdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Ringworm is a fungal infection that can affect the skin, hair, or nails.</hasAreaDescription>
<hasRingwormBehaviouralSymptomrdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Itchiness, scratching, or excessive grooming</hasRingwormBehaviouralSymptom>
<hasBehaviouralSymptomDescriptionrdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Itchiness, scratching, or excessive grooming</hasBehaviouralSymptomDescription>
<hasRingwormCauserdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Most dogs with ringworm contract it from direct contact with an infected animal (likely a dog or cat) or human. It is possible for dogs to have the ringworm fungus on their body but show no external signs of the disease; however, they can still pass the disease on to humans or other animals.
<hasCasueDescriptionrdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Most dogs with ringworm contract it from direct contact with an infected animal (likely a dog or cat) or human. It is possible for dogs to have the ringworm fungus on their body but show no external signs of the disease; however, they can still pass the disease on to humans or other animals. Ringworm can also be passed on through contaminated objects such as brushes, dog beds, and toys, as well as surfaces that are difficult to clean, like rugs, wool, and wood. Some types of ringworm fungi live in the soil, and a dog could contract ringworm by digging around in the dirt. This is especially true in warm and humid environments. The spores of the fungi that cause ringworm are quite hardy and can live in the environment for at least 18 months. The types of dogs that become infected with ringworm tend to be those with weaker immune systems, such as very young or old dogs, as well as dogs with diseases that weaken their immune systems, or dogs that have recently come from long term stays at kennels or shelters. Boston Terriers, Yorkshire Terriers, and Russell Terriers are genetically more prone to ringworm infections than other breeds. Dogs that have skin conditions are also predisposed to ringworm. The skin usually functions as a health protective barrier, but if a pet has an open wound, fresh scratches, fleas, or a chronic skin condition they are more susceptible to an infection. Infection with ringworm occurs when spores attach to damaged skin. Lesions (abnormal areas) on the skin will typically appear about 1-3 weeks after exposure.</hasCasueDescription>
</owl:NamedIndividual>
Ringworm can also be passed on through contaminated objects such as brushes, dog beds, and toys, as well as surfaces that are difficult to clean, like rugs, wool, and wood.
Some types of ringworm fungi live in the soil, and a dog could contract ringworm by digging around in the dirt. This is especially true in warm and humid environments. The spores of the fungi that cause ringworm are quite hardy and can live in the environment for at least 18 months.
The types of dogs that become infected with ringworm tend to be those with weaker immune systems, such as very young or old dogs, as well as dogs with diseases that weaken their immune systems, or dogs that have recently come from long term stays at kennels or shelters. Boston Terriers, Yorkshire Terriers, and Russell Terriers are genetically more prone to ringworm infections than other breeds.
Dogs that have skin conditions are also predisposed to ringworm. The skin usually functions as a health protective barrier, but if a pet has an open wound, fresh scratches, fleas, or a chronic skin condition they are more susceptible to an infection.
<hasTreatmentDescriptionrdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Infected pets are constantly shedding fungal spores into the environment. It is extremely important to isolate your dog and to disinfect all other areas of the house until a culture test is negative or your vet recommends stopping treatment. Otherwise, your dog could become reinfected with ringworm from the environment.
Thoroughly clean all areas that your dog has come into contact with, using an effective disinfectant such as a dilute (1:10) bleach solution, accelerated hydrogen peroxide, or a similar product. Bleach will not properly disinfect a dirty surface, so it is important to clean first, with an agent like liquid dish soap, and to disinfect second.
Infection with ringworm occurs when spores attach to damaged skin. Lesions (abnormal areas) on the skin will typically appear about 1-3 weeks after exposure.</hasRingwormCause>
You will also want to vacuum and/or steam clean your floors—and don’t forget to disinfect your vacuum afterwards. Items like dog beds that can be laundered should be run through a washing machine, twice, in hot water, preferably with bleach.
The area of your home in which your pet is confined should be cleaned twice weekly during treatment. When you are treating a pet at home, do your best to wear disposable gloves and be sure to wash your hands and clothing after handling an infected pet</hasTreatmentDescription>
</owl:NamedIndividual>
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@@ -1006,19 +1014,22 @@ Infection with ringworm occurs when spores attach to damaged skin. Lesions (abno
<hasRingwormDiagnoserdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">There are a few procedures that your vet may use when diagnosing ringworm, the most common of which are a Wood’s lamp examination, a fungal culture, and a PCR test.
<hasDiagnoseDescriptionrdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">There are a few procedures that your vet may use when diagnosing ringworm, the most common of which are a Wood’s lamp examination, a fungal culture, and a PCR test. A Wood’s lamp emits long-wave ultraviolet light (a type of “black light”) to help detect bacteria. The fungus Microsporum canis (the most common cause of ringworm infections in pets) causes a chemical reaction when it attaches to hair follicles, causing them to glow when a Wood’s lamp shines. No fluorescence will be seen on a pet that is an asymptomatic carrier. This “bedside” examination is effective in about 72% of M. canis cases with active skin lesions. Fluorescence usually becomes visible about 5-18 days after an infection takes hold. It is a great place to start when a vet is suspicious a dog may have ringworm.A fungal culture (sometimes called a DTM—dermatophyte test medium) is where a few hairs, scales, or scabs are collected and placed on a culture medium (a substance for growing microorganisms) and the contaminant is allowed to grow. Your vet will then look at the growth under a microscope to determine if one of the fungal species that cause ringworm is present. Positive signs can show after 3-5 days, but final results can take 10-21 days. One benefit of this test is that it does not require an active skin lesion; any hair sample can be tested.
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) testing is the newest way to diagnose ringworm. This test is also done on hairs and is specifically looking for fungal DNA (material with the fungus’s genetic information). The PCR test is much faster than a culture, and results are usually available in 3-5 days.
PCR is a great test for an initial diagnosis of ringworm; however, it is not suitable for follow-up testing to ensure that the ringworm has been fully cleared. This is because PCR testing looks for DNA but cannot distinguish whether the DNA is from living fungus. Fungal culture testing is usually the recommended follow-up test to make sure the infection is completely gone.</hasDiagnoseDescription>
</owl:NamedIndividual>
A Wood’s lamp emits long-wave ultraviolet light (a type of “black light”) to help detect bacteria. The fungus Microsporum canis (the most common cause of ringworm infections in pets) causes a chemical reaction when it attaches to hair follicles, causing them to glow when a Wood’s lamp shines. No fluorescence will be seen on a pet that is an asymptomatic carrier.
This “bedside” examination is effective in about 72% of M. canis cases with active skin lesions. Fluorescence usually becomes visible about 5-18 days after an infection takes hold. It is a great place to start when a vet is suspicious a dog may have ringworm.
A fungal culture (sometimes called a DTM—dermatophyte test medium) is where a few hairs, scales, or scabs are collected and placed on a culture medium (a substance for growing microorganisms) and the contaminant is allowed to grow.
Your vet will then look at the growth under a microscope to determine if one of the fungal species that cause ringworm is present. Positive signs can show after 3-5 days, but final results can take 10-21 days. One benefit of this test is that it does not require an active skin lesion; any hair sample can be tested.
<hasTreatmentDescriptionrdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Oral medications clear the ringworm infection by making the fungus unable to reproduce and spread. In most cases it is recommended to use oral and topical measures together.
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) testing is the newest way to diagnose ringworm. This test is also done on hairs and is specifically looking for fungal DNA (material with the fungus’s genetic information). The PCR test is much faster than a culture, and results are usually available in 3-5 days.
There are numerous different types of oral antifungals, with different costs and potential side effects (the most common are gastrointestinal/tummy related).
PCR is a great test for an initial diagnosis of ringworm; however, it is not suitable for follow-up testing to ensure that the ringworm has been fully cleared. This is because PCR testing looks for DNA but cannot distinguish whether the DNA is from living fungus. Fungal culture testing is usually the recommended follow-up test to make sure the infection is completely gone.</hasRingwormDiagnose>
Your vet will work with you to find the right product and medication for your pet based on their health and diagnosis.</hasTreatmentDescription>
</owl:NamedIndividual>
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@@ -1027,17 +1038,17 @@ PCR is a great test for an initial diagnosis of ringworm; however, it is not sui
<hasRingwormPreventionrdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">It is important to note that pets can be silent carriers of ringworm. A carrier is a pet that is infected but not showing any signs. Because of this, once a pet has been diagnosed with ringworm, all other pets in the home should be tested.
Treatment generally continues for weeks to months and should not be stopped until follow-up testing shows that the fungal organisms are clear, and your vet directs instructions to stop. Ideally, to monitor the progression of the treatment, a fungal culture should be done every 2-3 weeks after starting treatment.
<hasPreventionDescriptionrdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">It is important to note that pets can be silent carriers of ringworm. A carrier is a pet that is infected but not showing any signs. Because of this, once a pet has been diagnosed with ringworm, all other pets in the home should be tested.
Treatment generally continues for weeks to months and should not be stopped until follow-up testing shows that the fungal organisms are clear, and your vet directs instructions to stop. Ideally, to monitor the progression of the treatment, a fungal culture should be done every 2-3 weeks after starting treatment. A person who is infected with ringworm can also give it to their pets. If you notice a red, ringed skin lesion on your skin, it is best to have your doctor, or a medical professional examine the area. When taking in stray dogs or cats, it is important to keep them isolated from your pets until they have had a complete medical evaluation by a veterinarian. Since ringworm can be present in soil, don’t let your dog dig outside, especially if there is abundant wildlife living nearby, as they can be a source of infection. Taking your dog to the vet for twice yearly exams is also helpful. Pets that have healthy skin are much less susceptible to ringworm.</hasPreventionDescription>
</owl:NamedIndividual>
A person who is infected with ringworm can also give it to their pets. If you notice a red, ringed skin lesion on your skin, it is best to have your doctor, or a medical professional examine the area.
When taking in stray dogs or cats, it is important to keep them isolated from your pets until they have had a complete medical evaluation by a veterinarian.
Since ringworm can be present in soil, don’t let your dog dig outside, especially if there is abundant wildlife living nearby, as they can be a source of infection.
Taking your dog to the vet for twice yearly exams is also helpful. Pets that have healthy skin are much less susceptible to ringworm.</hasRingwormPrevention>
<hasTreatmentDescriptionrdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Ringworm is highly contagious, so the first thing to do when a ringworm infection is suspected is quarantine your dog. Try to keep your dog away from other pets and limit their contact with humans. Ideally, have your dog in a room that can be easily cleaned like a large bathroom. A room with rugs or wood floors should not be used, as these are very difficult to clean.</hasTreatmentDescription>
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@@ -1046,36 +1057,17 @@ Taking your dog to the vet for twice yearly exams is also helpful. Pets that hav
<hasRingwormSkinSymptomrdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Circular areas of hair loss, often with a red and crusty edge
Broken hair and a poor hair coat
Dry, scaly skin or areas of excessive dandruff
Inflamed areas of skin
Darkened patches of skin
Inflamed nail beds or darkened or dry nails
Dry, brittle, or misshapen nails</hasRingwormSkinSymptom>
<hasSymptomDescriptionrdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Circular areas of hair loss, often with a red and crusty edge.Broken hair and a poor hair coat.Dry, scaly skin or areas of excessive dandruff. Inflamed areas of skin.
Darkened patches of skin. Inflamed nail beds or darkened or dry nails.Dry, brittle, or misshapen nails. circular itchy rash that typically appears on the skin.</hasSymptomDescription>
<hasRingwormTreatmentrdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Ringworm is treatable and curable—if all treatment, quarantine, and cleaning procedures are followed. Ringworm can be very stubborn, so it is important to be fully committed to the following procedures:
Quarantine
Ringworm is highly contagious, so the first thing to do when a ringworm infection is suspected is quarantine your dog. Try to keep your dog away from other pets and limit their contact with humans.
Ideally, have your dog in a room that can be easily cleaned like a large bathroom. A room with rugs or wood floors should not be used, as these are very difficult to clean.
Topical Treatments (applied to the body)
Bathing is a critical part of treatment as it will remove and kill the fungal spores that are on your dog’s fur. This is helpful in preventing further environmental contamination and cross-contamination with other animals in the home since hairs that have been treated will not be infectious when shed.
<hasTreatmentDescriptionrdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Bathing is a critical part of treatment as it will remove and kill the fungal spores that are on your dog’s fur. This is helpful in preventing further environmental contamination and cross-contamination with other animals in the home since hairs that have been treated will not be infectious when shed.
There are two main types of topical treatments: Lime Sulfur dips and antifungal shampoos. Of these, Lime Sulfur dips are more effective. Lime Sulfur dips can be done at home or at your vet hospital. They are quite messy and odorous, so many pet owners elect to have this done at their vet's office.
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@@ -1083,31 +1075,7 @@ Antifungal shampoos are often paired with a disinfectant like chlorhexidine, as
Ointments or other topically applied medications have not been shown to be effective against ringworm infections.
Shaving dogs with very long coats is not recommended, because shaving can cause microtrauma (small injuries) to the skin, which can make the dog more susceptible to the infection.
Oral Treatments (Medications taken by mouth)
Oral medications clear the ringworm infection by making the fungus unable to reproduce and spread. In most cases it is recommended to use oral and topical measures together.
There are numerous different types of oral antifungals, with different costs and potential side effects (the most common are gastrointestinal/tummy related).
Your vet will work with you to find the right product and medication for your pet based on their health and diagnosis.
Decontamination Procedures
Infected pets are constantly shedding fungal spores into the environment. It is extremely important to isolate your dog and to disinfect all other areas of the house until a culture test is negative or your vet recommends stopping treatment. Otherwise, your dog could become reinfected with ringworm from the environment.
Thoroughly clean all areas that your dog has come into contact with, using an effective disinfectant such as a dilute (1:10) bleach solution, accelerated hydrogen peroxide, or a similar product. Bleach will not properly disinfect a dirty surface, so it is important to clean first, with an agent like liquid dish soap, and to disinfect second.
You will also want to vacuum and/or steam clean your floors—and don’t forget to disinfect your vacuum afterwards. Items like dog beds that can be laundered should be run through a washing machine, twice, in hot water, preferably with bleach.
The area of your home in which your pet is confined should be cleaned twice weekly during treatment. When you are treating a pet at home, do your best to wear disposable gloves and be sure to wash your hands and clothing after handling an infected pet.</hasRingwormTreatment>
Shaving dogs with very long coats is not recommended, because shaving can cause microtrauma (small injuries) to the skin, which can make the dog more susceptible to the infection.</hasTreatmentDescription>
</owl:NamedIndividual>
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@@ -1116,6 +1084,7 @@ The area of your home in which your pet is confined should be cleaned twice week
<hasAreaDescriptionrdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Yeast are spore-producing fungi that are always present on a dog’s skin, usually in low numbers, as part of the normal flora. A yeast infection happens when there’s an excessive amount of yeast in a certain area.Yeast infections in dogs are quite common and can occur anywhere on the skin, including the ears.</hasAreaDescription>
<hasBehaviouralSymptomDescriptionrdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Yeast infections on a dog’s mouth or face can cause extreme itching or face rubbing.Dogs with yeast infections on the paws usually lick their paws more than normal. Yeast infections in a dog’s ears can be very itchy, causing dogs to scratch their ears or rub their head excessively.</hasBehaviouralSymptomDescription>
</owl:NamedIndividual>
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@@ -1141,6 +1129,7 @@ The area of your home in which your pet is confined should be cleaned twice week
<hasCasueDescriptionrdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Yeast infections in dogs are usually secondary problems. This means that there is some other issue that is weakening the skin’s defense mechanisms to allow the yeast to grow in higher numbers than normal.It is very common to see yeast infections in a dog’s ears or on their skin if they have food allergies or environmental allergies. Other underlying issues that may cause yeast infections in dogs include hormonal problems or other diseases that suppress the immune system.</hasCasueDescription>
</owl:NamedIndividual>
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@@ -1149,6 +1138,16 @@ The area of your home in which your pet is confined should be cleaned twice week
<hasDiagnoseDescriptionrdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Yeast infections in a dog’s ears generally cause redness, a brown discharge, head shaking or rubbing, odor, and itching.</hasDiagnoseDescription>
<hasTreatmentDescriptionrdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Your veterinarian may perform cytology (taking a swab of the discharge and staining it to look at it under the microscope) to diagnose a yeast infection in a dog’s ears.Prescription treatment may include antifungal drops or ointment, an ear cleaner, and in severe or difficult-to-treat cases, an oral antifungal medication.</hasTreatmentDescription>
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@@ -1157,6 +1156,16 @@ The area of your home in which your pet is confined should be cleaned twice week
<hasPreventionDescriptionrdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Prevention of yeast infections in dogs must include addressing the underlying cause to reduce the likelihood that the infection will reoccur.Routine bathing with an antifungal shampoo may be beneficial. However, for shampoo treatment to be effective, the lather must sit on a dog’s skin for a minimum of 10 minutes before rinsing.Dogs with skin folds may need to have maintenance treatment to keep these areas from becoming too moist, as yeast thrive in moist, dark places such as skin folds and ears.Dogs that have had allergy testing and are determined to be allergic to yeast can be desensitized by including yeast as an ingredient in immunotherapy (allergy vaccine). If you suspect that your dog has a yeast infection, consult your regular veterinarian for a diagnosis and treatment plan that is appropriate for your pet.</hasPreventionDescription>
<hasTreatmentDescriptionrdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Cytology is also used to diagnose yeast on the skin.Treatments for yeast infections on the skin can include topical antifungal creams, wipes, sprays, and shampoos.Topical ingredients that are effective in treating yeast include chlorhexidine, miconazole, and ketoconazole.In difficult-to-treat or severe cases, oral antifungal medications are used. Oral antifungal medications used in dogs include fluconazole, terbinafine, ketoconazole, and itraconazole. These medications should be used only under the direction of a veterinarian.</hasTreatmentDescription>
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@@ -1165,15 +1174,26 @@ The area of your home in which your pet is confined should be cleaned twice week
<hasSymptomDescriptionrdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">The affected skin may be red, irritated, itchy, greasy, or flaky, and there may be hair loss.If the infection is chronic, the skin may thicken and become darker in color. A dog with yeast infections on their paws can have red, irritated, and itchy paws.The underside of the paws, between the pads, is affected most often, but yeast can occur anywhere on the paws. Sometimes a brown discharge can be seen in the nail beds.Dog ear yeast infections are quite common, and the ears often smell sweet or musty.Usually, you will see redness, which may extend onto the flap of the ear, and the discharge is generally brown. The ear may appear to be greasy, and the hair may be matted.</hasSymptomDescription>
