Leaf margins turn brown, beginning with the older leaves and moving outward, spreading to leaves toward the branch tip.
The browned leaves may drop from the tree.
Symptoms become progressively worse over a period of 3 to 8 years, until the entire tree turns brown prematurely.
Infected leafhoppers and spittlebugs feed on the succulent, terminal shoots of susceptible host trees, transmitting the bacteria.
There are no viable control options for the insect vectors.
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• Maintain plant vigor. Keeping susceptible trees healthy and thriving can help them resist infection and survive longer once they are infected.\n\n
• Practice good sanitation. Branches that have died due to bacterial leaf scorch should be routinely removed. Infected trees that are in a severe state of decline should also be removed.\n\n
• Plant resistant species. In areas where bacterial leaf scorch has occurred, avoid planting highly susceptible trees.\n\n
• Antibiotic injections. Oxytetracycline root flare injections applied in spring can reduce bacterium levels and delay symptoms by a couple of weeks.
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Late blight (Phytophthora infestans) is among the most destructive plant disease.
Late blight is caused by a fungus, and it creates irregularly shaped splotches that are slimy and water-soaked.
The spores of this disease are fast-spreading, moving on the wind for miles. Plant only locally grown plants to help keep the pathogen out of your area.
• Maintaining plant vigor. Keeping vulnerable trees healthy and vigorous allows them to resist growth and survive longer once established.\n\n
• Practice good hygiene. Dead branches due to bacterial leaf blight should be removed regularly. Severely decayed infected trees should also be removed.\n\n
• Species resistant to plant growth retardation. In affected areas, avoid planting highly vulnerable trees.\n\n
• Antibiotic injections. And increase the fertilizer
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• Once late blight strikes, there is little you can do.\n\n
• Tear out the plants, put them in a garbage bag, and throw them out to keep the disease from spreading.\n\n
• Organic fungicides based on Bacillus subtilis are somewhat effective in preventing this tea plant disease when it’s first discovered in your area.
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Bacterial spot is a widespread disease of tea in Sri Lanka, where rainfall and humidity levels promote disease development.
Bacterial spot reduces tea yield and quality by defoliation. The bacteria enter plants through natural openings or wounds.
The leaf spots produced in bacterial spot are nearly identical to those of bacterial speck, and are similar to the initial symptoms of the fungal disease Septoria leaf spot.
A general yellowing of heavily spotted areas on leaves occurs, followed by leaf scorch.
Blighting (rapid death) of foliage progresses upward from the lower leaves on heavily infected plants.
• OAntibiotic injections. And increase the fertilizer.\n\n
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• Control of bacterial spot is difficult once it becomes established in the field. Therefore, it is imperative to start with clean seed and transplants.\n\n
• Transplants should be started from clean seed produced in an area where the disease does not occur, or from seed that is disinfested with hot water or chlorine bleach treatment.\n\n
• Remove and destroy diseased crop debris or incorporate it into soil soon after harvest is complete.\n\n
• A weekly spray program with bactericides (mixtures of copper and fungicide) reduces disease development and increases yield.
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Appearing as tiny, round splotches on the leaves, this disease typically starts on the lowest leaves first.
After the plants begin to develop, the lower leaves break out in yellow spots. Within the yellow spots, dark gray centers with dark borders appear.
Black dots appear in the center of the spots. Foliage dies and falls off.
• OAntibiotic injections. And increase the fertilizer.\n\n
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• Cut off and destroy infected leaves as soon as you spot them and disinfect pruning equipment before moving from one plant to another.\n\n
• Avoid watering from the top, as the spray can force the spores developing on the leaves back into the soil and continue the disease cycle.\n\n
• Organic fungicides based on copper or Bacillus subtilis are effective against septoria leaf spot, especially when used as a preventative measure.
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The disease starts on the older leaves and spreads upwards.
The first signs are irregular-shaped spots (less than 1 mm) with a yellow margin.
Spread to all leaflets and to other leaves is rapid, causing the leaves to turn yellow, collapse and die. Spots also occur on the stems.
The spores are spread by wind-blown rain, and if windy wet weather continues for a few days, spread is fast and plants lose their leaves quickly.
Look for the disease on the bottom leaves. Look for tiny brown spots with yellow margins. Look for larger spots up to 10 mm that have ring patterns. Spots may be present on the stems and on the fruit.
• OAntibiotic injections. And increase the fertilizer.\n\n
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• Do not plant new crops next to older ones that have the disease.\n\n
• Check all seedlings in the nursery, and throw away any with leaf spots.\n\n
• Remove a few branches from the lower part of the plants to allow better airflow at the base.\n\n
• Remove and burn the lower leaves as soon as the disease is seen.\n\n
• The fungicides products to use are chlorothalonil, copper oxychloride or mancozeb.\n\n
• Treatment should start when the first spots are seen and continue at 10-14-day intervals until 3-4 weeks before last harvest. It is important to spray both sides of the leaves.
• OAntibiotic injections. And increase the fertilizer.\n\n
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• OAntibiotic injections. And increase the fertilizer.\n\n
