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2023-080
Commit 0940822a authored by Wanniarachchi M.Y's avatar Wanniarachchi M.Y
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Merge branch 'Full' into 'master' 

AUTOMATED ER DIAGRAM GENERATION, PLAGIARISM CHECK, AND AI-BASED QUIZ SYSTEM

See merge request !12
parents f55d0806 f518a56a
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{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 1,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"import numpy as np\n",
"import pandas as pd\n",
"import tensorflow as tf \n",
"import re\n",
"import pandas as pd\n",
"from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import TfidfVectorizer\n",
"from sklearn.neighbors import NearestNeighbors\n",
"from sklearn.metrics.pairwise import cosine_similarity\n",
"import keyboard"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 2,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"dataset = pd.read_csv('que_ans.csv')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 3,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"<div>\n",
"<style scoped>\n",
" .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
" vertical-align: middle;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
" vertical-align: top;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .dataframe thead th {\n",
" text-align: right;\n",
" }\n",
"</style>\n",
"<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
" <thead>\n",
" <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
" <th></th>\n",
" <th>Unnamed: 0</th>\n",
" <th>Question</th>\n",
" <th>Answer</th>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" </thead>\n",
" <tbody>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>0</th>\n",
" <td>0</td>\n",
" <td>What is Cloud Computing Security?</td>\n",
" <td>Cloud Computing Security is the process of pro...</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>1</th>\n",
" <td>1</td>\n",
" <td>What is Cloud Computing Data Storage?</td>\n",
" <td>Cloud Computing Data Storage is a type of data...</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>2</th>\n",
" <td>2</td>\n",
" <td>What is Cloud Computing Performance Optimization?</td>\n",
" <td>Cloud Computing Performance Optimization is th...</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>3</th>\n",
" <td>3</td>\n",
" <td>What is Cloud Computing Cost Analysis?</td>\n",
" <td>Cloud Computing Cost Analysis is a process of ...</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>4</th>\n",
" <td>4</td>\n",
" <td>What is Cloud Computing?</td>\n",
" <td>Cloud computing is a type of computing that re...</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>...</th>\n",
" <td>...</td>\n",
" <td>...</td>\n",
" <td>...</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>255</th>\n",
" <td>255</td>\n",
" <td>What is a data visualization dashboard?</td>\n",
" <td>A data visualization dashboard is a graphical ...</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>256</th>\n",
" <td>256</td>\n",
" <td>What is a data visualization map?</td>\n",
" <td>A data visualization map is a graphical repres...</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>257</th>\n",
" <td>257</td>\n",
" <td>What type of chart is used to compare values a...</td>\n",
" <td>A bar chart is used to compare values across c...</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>258</th>\n",
" <td>258</td>\n",
" <td>What type of graph is used to compare values a...</td>\n",
" <td>A bar graph is used to compare values across c...</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>259</th>\n",
" <td>259</td>\n",
" <td>What is the purpose of data visualization info...</td>\n",
" <td>The purpose of data visualization infographics...</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" </tbody>\n",
"</table>\n",
"<p>260 rows × 3 columns</p>\n",
"</div>"
],
"text/plain": [
" Unnamed: 0 Question \\\n",
"0 0 What is Cloud Computing Security? \n",
"1 1 What is Cloud Computing Data Storage? \n",
"2 2 What is Cloud Computing Performance Optimization? \n",
"3 3 What is Cloud Computing Cost Analysis? \n",
"4 4 What is Cloud Computing? \n",
".. ... ... \n",
"255 255 What is a data visualization dashboard? \n",
"256 256 What is a data visualization map? \n",
"257 257 What type of chart is used to compare values a... \n",
"258 258 What type of graph is used to compare values a... \n",
"259 259 What is the purpose of data visualization info... \n",
"\n",
" Answer \n",
"0 Cloud Computing Security is the process of pro... \n",
"1 Cloud Computing Data Storage is a type of data... \n",
"2 Cloud Computing Performance Optimization is th... \n",
"3 Cloud Computing Cost Analysis is a process of ... \n",
"4 Cloud computing is a type of computing that re... \n",
".. ... \n",
"255 A data visualization dashboard is a graphical ... \n",
"256 A data visualization map is a graphical repres... \n",
"257 A bar chart is used to compare values across c... \n",
"258 A bar graph is used to compare values across c... \n",
"259 The purpose of data visualization infographics... \n",
"\n",
"[260 rows x 3 columns]"
]
},
"execution_count": 3,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"dataset"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 4,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"dataset = dataset[['Question', 'Answer']]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 17,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"#dataset['Correct']=True"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 5,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"<div>\n",
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" .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
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" .dataframe thead th {\n",
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"</style>\n",
"<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
" <thead>\n",
" <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
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" <th>Question</th>\n",
" <th>Answer</th>\n",
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" </thead>\n",
" <tbody>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>0</th>\n",
" <td>What is Cloud Computing Security?</td>\n",
" <td>Cloud Computing Security is the process of pro...</td>\n",
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" <tr>\n",
" <th>1</th>\n",
" <td>What is Cloud Computing Data Storage?</td>\n",
" <td>Cloud Computing Data Storage is a type of data...</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>2</th>\n",
" <td>What is Cloud Computing Performance Optimization?</td>\n",
" <td>Cloud Computing Performance Optimization is th...</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>3</th>\n",
" <td>What is Cloud Computing Cost Analysis?</td>\n",
" <td>Cloud Computing Cost Analysis is a process of ...</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>4</th>\n",
" <td>What is Cloud Computing?</td>\n",
" <td>Cloud computing is a type of computing that re...</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>...</th>\n",
" <td>...</td>\n",
" <td>...</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>255</th>\n",
" <td>What is a data visualization dashboard?</td>\n",
" <td>A data visualization dashboard is a graphical ...</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>256</th>\n",
" <td>What is a data visualization map?</td>\n",
" <td>A data visualization map is a graphical repres...</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>257</th>\n",
" <td>What type of chart is used to compare values a...</td>\n",
" <td>A bar chart is used to compare values across c...</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>258</th>\n",
" <td>What type of graph is used to compare values a...</td>\n",
" <td>A bar graph is used to compare values across c...</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>259</th>\n",
" <td>What is the purpose of data visualization info...</td>\n",
" <td>The purpose of data visualization infographics...</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" </tbody>\n",
"</table>\n",
"<p>260 rows × 2 columns</p>\n",
"</div>"
],
"text/plain": [
" Question \\\n",
"0 What is Cloud Computing Security? \n",
"1 What is Cloud Computing Data Storage? \n",
"2 What is Cloud Computing Performance Optimization? \n",
"3 What is Cloud Computing Cost Analysis? \n",
"4 What is Cloud Computing? \n",
".. ... \n",
"255 What is a data visualization dashboard? \n",
"256 What is a data visualization map? \n",
"257 What type of chart is used to compare values a... \n",
"258 What type of graph is used to compare values a... \n",
"259 What is the purpose of data visualization info... \n",
"\n",
" Answer \n",
"0 Cloud Computing Security is the process of pro... \n",
"1 Cloud Computing Data Storage is a type of data... \n",
"2 Cloud Computing Performance Optimization is th... \n",
"3 Cloud Computing Cost Analysis is a process of ... \n",
"4 Cloud computing is a type of computing that re... \n",
".. ... \n",
"255 A data visualization dashboard is a graphical ... \n",
"256 A data visualization map is a graphical repres... \n",
"257 A bar chart is used to compare values across c... \n",
"258 A bar graph is used to compare values across c... \n",
"259 The purpose of data visualization infographics... \n",
"\n",
"[260 rows x 2 columns]"
]
},
"execution_count": 5,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"dataset"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 6,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def preprocess_text(text):\n",
" # Remove special characters and convert to lowercase\n",
" text = re.sub(r\"[^a-zA-Z0-9]\", \" \", text).lower()\n",
" return text"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 7,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stderr",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"C:\\Users\\Ravindu\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\ipykernel_21388\\1143464484.py:2: SettingWithCopyWarning: \n",
"A value is trying to be set on a copy of a slice from a DataFrame.\n",
"Try using .loc[row_indexer,col_indexer] = value instead\n",
"\n",
"See the caveats in the documentation: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/indexing.html#returning-a-view-versus-a-copy\n",
" dataset['Answer'] = dataset['Answer'].apply(preprocess_text)\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"\n",
"# Apply preprocessing to the answer column\n",
"dataset['Answer'] = dataset['Answer'].apply(preprocess_text)\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 8,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"data = dataset"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 9,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"<div>\n",
"<style scoped>\n",
" .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
" vertical-align: middle;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
" vertical-align: top;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .dataframe thead th {\n",
" text-align: right;\n",
" }\n",
"</style>\n",
"<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
" <thead>\n",
" <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
" <th></th>\n",
" <th>Question</th>\n",
" <th>Answer</th>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" </thead>\n",
" <tbody>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>0</th>\n",
" <td>What is Cloud Computing Security?</td>\n",
" <td>cloud computing security is the process of pro...</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>1</th>\n",
" <td>What is Cloud Computing Data Storage?</td>\n",
" <td>cloud computing data storage is a type of data...</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>2</th>\n",
" <td>What is Cloud Computing Performance Optimization?</td>\n",
" <td>cloud computing performance optimization is th...</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>3</th>\n",
" <td>What is Cloud Computing Cost Analysis?</td>\n",
" <td>cloud computing cost analysis is a process of ...</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>4</th>\n",
" <td>What is Cloud Computing?</td>\n",
" <td>cloud computing is a type of computing that re...</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>...</th>\n",
" <td>...</td>\n",
" <td>...</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>255</th>\n",
" <td>What is a data visualization dashboard?</td>\n",
" <td>a data visualization dashboard is a graphical ...</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>256</th>\n",
" <td>What is a data visualization map?</td>\n",
" <td>a data visualization map is a graphical repres...</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>257</th>\n",
" <td>What type of chart is used to compare values a...</td>\n",
" <td>a bar chart is used to compare values across c...</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>258</th>\n",
" <td>What type of graph is used to compare values a...</td>\n",
" <td>a bar graph is used to compare values across c...</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>259</th>\n",
" <td>What is the purpose of data visualization info...</td>\n",
" <td>the purpose of data visualization infographics...</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" </tbody>\n",
"</table>\n",
"<p>260 rows × 2 columns</p>\n",
"</div>"
],
"text/plain": [
" Question \\\n",
"0 What is Cloud Computing Security? \n",
"1 What is Cloud Computing Data Storage? \n",
"2 What is Cloud Computing Performance Optimization? \n",
"3 What is Cloud Computing Cost Analysis? \n",
"4 What is Cloud Computing? \n",
".. ... \n",
"255 What is a data visualization dashboard? \n",
"256 What is a data visualization map? \n",
"257 What type of chart is used to compare values a... \n",
"258 What type of graph is used to compare values a... \n",
"259 What is the purpose of data visualization info... \n",
"\n",
" Answer \n",
"0 cloud computing security is the process of pro... \n",
"1 cloud computing data storage is a type of data... \n",
"2 cloud computing performance optimization is th... \n",
"3 cloud computing cost analysis is a process of ... \n",
"4 cloud computing is a type of computing that re... \n",
".. ... \n",
"255 a data visualization dashboard is a graphical ... \n",
"256 a data visualization map is a graphical repres... \n",
"257 a bar chart is used to compare values across c... \n",
"258 a bar graph is used to compare values across c... \n",
"259 the purpose of data visualization infographics... \n",
"\n",
"[260 rows x 2 columns]"
]
},
"execution_count": 9,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"data"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 10,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"from keras.utils import pad_sequences\n",
"# Text tokenization\n",
"tokenizer = tf.keras.preprocessing.text.Tokenizer()\n",
"tokenizer.fit_on_texts(data['Answer'])\n",
"encoded_answer = tokenizer.texts_to_sequences(data['Answer'])\n",
"\n",
"# Padding sequences\n",
"max_seq_length = max(len(seq) for seq in encoded_answer)\n",
"padded_answer = pad_sequences(encoded_answer, maxlen=max_seq_length, padding='post')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 11,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"array([[ 30, 38, 55, ..., 0, 0, 0],\n",
" [ 30, 38, 7, ..., 0, 0, 0],\n",
" [ 30, 38, 63, ..., 0, 0, 0],\n",
" ...,\n",
" [ 5, 413, 234, ..., 0, 0, 0],\n",
" [ 5, 413, 168, ..., 0, 0, 0],\n",
" [ 2, 14, 1, ..., 0, 0, 0]])"
]
},
"execution_count": 11,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"padded_answer"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 12,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"\n",
"# Vectorize the existing answers\n",
"vectorizer = TfidfVectorizer()\n",
"answer_vectors = vectorizer.fit_transform(data['Answer'])\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 13,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"software maintenance is the process of modifying a software product after delivery to correct faults to improve performance or other attributes \n",
"Question: What is software maintenance?\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"\n",
"\n",
"# Generate 20 random questions\n",
"random_indices = np.random.randint(0, len(data), size=5)\n",
"random_questions = data['Question'][random_indices]\n",
"random_answers = data['Answer'][random_indices]\n",
"\n",
"correct_count = 0\n",
"incorrect_questions = []\n",
"\n",
"for question, answer in zip(random_questions, random_answers):\n",
" print(answer)\n",
" print('Question:', question)\n",
" user_answer = \"\"\n",
" \n",
" # Close answer palette when 'q' is pressed\n",
" while True:\n",
"\n",
" if keyboard.is_pressed('q'):\n",
" break\n",
" elif keyboard.is_pressed('enter'):\n",
" user_answer = input(\"Enter your answer: \")\n",
" break\n",
"\n",
"\n",
" if not user_answer:\n",
" break\n",
" \n",
" random_answer_vector = vectorizer.transform([answer])\n",
" new_answer_vector = vectorizer.transform([user_answer])\n",
" \n",
" similarity_scores = cosine_similarity(random_answer_vector, new_answer_vector)\n",
" \n",
" if similarity_scores >= 0.4:\n",
" print('Correct (Similarity Score:', similarity_scores, ')')\n",
" correct_count += 1\n",
" else:\n",
" print('Incorrect (Similarity Score:', similarity_scores, ')')\n",
" incorrect_questions.append(question)\n",
"\n",
"print('Marks:', correct_count*20,\"%\\n\\n\")\n",
"#print('Incorrect Questions:\\n\\n', incorrect_questions)\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 38,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"['What is the purpose of data analysis?',\n",
" 'What is Cloud Computing?',\n",
" 'What is the purpose of data analysis?']"
]
},
"execution_count": 38,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"incorrect_questions"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 39,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"topics_df = pd.read_csv('topics.csv')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 40,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"topics = topics_df['topic']"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 41,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"0 Cloud Computing Security\n",
"1 Cloud Computing Data Storage\n",
"2 Cloud Computing Performance Optimization\n",
"3 Cloud Computing Cost Analysis\n",
"4 Cloud Computing Infrastructure Design\n",
" ... \n",
"125 Data Visualization Design Principles\n",
"126 Data Visualization Data Mapping\n",
"127 Data Visualization Data Exploration\n",
"128 Data Visualization Data Analysis\n",
"129 Data Visualization Data Interpretation\n",
"Name: topic, Length: 130, dtype: object"
]
},
"execution_count": 41,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"topics"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 42,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"<style>#sk-container-id-2 {color: black;background-color: white;}#sk-container-id-2 pre{padding: 0;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-toggleable {background-color: white;}#sk-container-id-2 label.sk-toggleable__label {cursor: pointer;display: block;width: 100%;margin-bottom: 0;padding: 0.3em;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;}#sk-container-id-2 label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {content: \"▸\";float: left;margin-right: 0.25em;color: #696969;}#sk-container-id-2 label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:hover:before {color: black;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-estimator:hover label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {color: black;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-toggleable__content {max-height: 0;max-width: 0;overflow: hidden;text-align: left;background-color: #f0f8ff;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-toggleable__content pre {margin: 0.2em;color: black;border-radius: 0.25em;background-color: #f0f8ff;}#sk-container-id-2 input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~div.sk-toggleable__content {max-height: 200px;max-width: 100%;overflow: auto;}#sk-container-id-2 input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {content: \"▾\";}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-estimator input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {background-color: #d4ebff;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-label input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {background-color: #d4ebff;}#sk-container-id-2 input.sk-hidden--visually {border: 0;clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px);clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);height: 1px;margin: -1px;overflow: hidden;padding: 0;position: absolute;width: 1px;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-estimator {font-family: monospace;background-color: #f0f8ff;border: 1px dotted black;border-radius: 0.25em;box-sizing: border-box;margin-bottom: 0.5em;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-estimator:hover {background-color: #d4ebff;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-parallel-item::after {content: \"\";width: 100%;border-bottom: 1px solid gray;flex-grow: 1;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-label:hover label.sk-toggleable__label {background-color: #d4ebff;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-serial::before {content: \"\";position: absolute;border-left: 1px solid gray;box-sizing: border-box;top: 0;bottom: 0;left: 50%;z-index: 0;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-serial {display: flex;flex-direction: column;align-items: center;background-color: white;padding-right: 0.2em;padding-left: 0.2em;position: relative;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-item {position: relative;z-index: 1;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-parallel {display: flex;align-items: stretch;justify-content: center;background-color: white;position: relative;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-item::before, #sk-container-id-2 div.sk-parallel-item::before {content: \"\";position: absolute;border-left: 1px solid gray;box-sizing: border-box;top: 0;bottom: 0;left: 50%;z-index: -1;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-parallel-item {display: flex;flex-direction: column;z-index: 1;position: relative;background-color: white;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-parallel-item:first-child::after {align-self: flex-end;width: 50%;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-parallel-item:last-child::after {align-self: flex-start;width: 50%;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-parallel-item:only-child::after {width: 0;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-dashed-wrapped {border: 1px dashed gray;margin: 0 0.4em 0.5em 0.4em;box-sizing: border-box;padding-bottom: 0.4em;background-color: white;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-label label {font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;display: inline-block;line-height: 1.2em;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-label-container {text-align: center;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-container {/* jupyter's `normalize.less` sets `[hidden] { display: none; }` but bootstrap.min.css set `[hidden] { display: none !important; }` so we also need the `!important` here to be able to override the default hidden behavior on the sphinx rendered scikit-learn.org. See: https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn/issues/21755 */display: inline-block !important;position: relative;}#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-text-repr-fallback {display: none;}</style><div id=\"sk-container-id-2\" class=\"sk-top-container\"><div class=\"sk-text-repr-fallback\"><pre>NearestNeighbors(metric=&#x27;cosine&#x27;, n_neighbors=3)</pre><b>In a Jupyter environment, please rerun this cell to show the HTML representation or trust the notebook. <br />On GitHub, the HTML representation is unable to render, please try loading this page with nbviewer.org.</b></div><div class=\"sk-container\" hidden><div class=\"sk-item\"><div class=\"sk-estimator sk-toggleable\"><input class=\"sk-toggleable__control sk-hidden--visually\" id=\"sk-estimator-id-2\" type=\"checkbox\" checked><label for=\"sk-estimator-id-2\" class=\"sk-toggleable__label sk-toggleable__label-arrow\">NearestNeighbors</label><div class=\"sk-toggleable__content\"><pre>NearestNeighbors(metric=&#x27;cosine&#x27;, n_neighbors=3)</pre></div></div></div></div></div>"
],
"text/plain": [
"NearestNeighbors(metric='cosine', n_neighbors=3)"
]
},
"execution_count": 42,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# Vectorize the user answer\n",
"topic_vector = vectorizer.fit_transform(topics_df['topic'])\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"# Use nearest neighbors to find the most similar answers\n",
"neigh = NearestNeighbors(n_neighbors=3, metric='cosine')\n",
"neigh.fit(topic_vector)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 43,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"You may consider exploring the following topics:\n",
"\n",
"128 Data Visualization Data Analysis\n",
"30 Data Analysis Techniques\n",
"36 Data Analysis Techniques\n",
"Name: topic, dtype: object\n",
"0 Cloud Computing Security\n",
"7 Cloud Computing Compliance\n",
"8 Cloud Computing Automation\n",
"Name: topic, dtype: object\n",
"128 Data Visualization Data Analysis\n",
"30 Data Analysis Techniques\n",
"36 Data Analysis Techniques\n",
"Name: topic, dtype: object\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"ranked_topics = []\n",
"for question in incorrect_questions:\n",
" question_vector = vectorizer.transform([question]) # Pass the question as a list\n",
" distances, indices = neigh.kneighbors(question_vector.reshape(1, -1)) # Reshape the question_vector\n",
"\n",
" # Get the ranked answers\n",
" ranked_topic = topics_df['topic'].iloc[indices[0]]\n",
" ranked_topics.append(ranked_topic)\n",
"\n",
"# Print the similar topics for the student to follow\n",
"print('You may consider exploring the following topics:\\n')\n",
"for topic in ranked_topics:\n",
" print(topic)\n",
"\n"
]
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": ".venv",
"language": "python",
"name": "python3"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 3
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
"version": "3.11.4"
},
"orig_nbformat": 4
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 2
}
ai_quiz.py 0 → 100644
View file @ 0940822a
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import tensorflow as tf
import re
import pandas as pd
from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import TfidfVectorizer
from sklearn.neighbors import NearestNeighbors
from sklearn.metrics.pairwise import cosine_similarity
import keyboard
dataset = pd.read_csv('data/que_ans.csv')
dataset
dataset = dataset[['Question', 'Answer']]
dataset
def preprocess_text(text):
# Remove special characters and convert to lowercase
text = re.sub(r"[^a-zA-Z0-9]", " ", text).lower()
return text
# Apply preprocessing to the answer column
dataset['Answer'] = dataset['Answer'].apply(preprocess_text)
data = dataset
data
from keras.utils import pad_sequences
# Text tokenization
tokenizer = tf.keras.preprocessing.text.Tokenizer()
tokenizer.fit_on_texts(data['Answer'])
encoded_answer = tokenizer.texts_to_sequences(data['Answer'])
# Padding sequences
max_seq_length = max(len(seq) for seq in encoded_answer)
padded_answer = pad_sequences(encoded_answer, maxlen=max_seq_length, padding='post')
padded_answer
# Vectorize the existing answers
vectorizer = TfidfVectorizer()
answer_vectors = vectorizer.fit_transform(data['Answer'])
# Generate 20 random questions
random_indices = np.random.randint(0, len(data), size=2)
random_questions = data['Question'][random_indices]
random_answers = data['Answer'][random_indices]
correct_count = 0
incorrect_questions = []
for question, answer in zip(random_questions, random_answers):
print(answer)
print('Question:', question)
user_answer = ""
# Close answer palette when 'q' is pressed
while True:
if keyboard.is_pressed('q'):
break
elif keyboard.is_pressed('enter'):
user_answer = input("Enter your answer: ")
break
if not user_answer:
break
random_answer_vector = vectorizer.transform([answer])
new_answer_vector = vectorizer.transform([user_answer])
similarity_scores = cosine_similarity(random_answer_vector, new_answer_vector)
if similarity_scores >= 0.4:
print('Correct (Similarity Score:', similarity_scores, ')')
correct_count += 1
else:
print('Incorrect (Similarity Score:', similarity_scores, ')')
incorrect_questions.append(question)
print('Marks:', correct_count*20,"%\n\n")
#print('Incorrect Questions:\n\n', incorrect_questions)
incorrect_questions
topics_df = pd.read_csv('data/topics.csv')
topics = topics_df['topic']
topics
# Vectorize the user answer
topic_vector = vectorizer.fit_transform(topics_df['topic'])
# Use nearest neighbors to find the most similar answers
neigh = NearestNeighbors(n_neighbors=3, metric='cosine')
neigh.fit(topic_vector)
ranked_topics = []
for question in incorrect_questions:
question_vector = vectorizer.transform([question]) # Pass the question as a list
distances, indices = neigh.kneighbors(question_vector.reshape(1, -1)) # Reshape the question_vector
# Get the ranked answers
ranked_topic = topics_df['topic'].iloc[indices[0]]
ranked_topics.append(ranked_topic)
# Print the similar topics for the student to follow
print('You may consider exploring the following topics:\n')
for topic in ranked_topics:
print(topic)
app.py 0 → 100644
View file @ 0940822a
from flask import Flask, render_template, url_for, redirect, request, jsonify
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from flask_login import UserMixin, login_user, LoginManager, login_required, logout_user, current_user
from flask_wtf import FlaskForm
from wtforms import StringField, PasswordField, SubmitField
from wtforms.validators import InputRequired, Length, ValidationError
from flask_bcrypt import Bcrypt
from similarity import perform_ocr_and_similarity
from flask import Flask, render_template,session
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import TfidfVectorizer
from sklearn.metrics.pairwise import cosine_similarity
from sklearn.neighbors import NearestNeighbors
import os
import cv2
import keras_ocr
app = Flask(__name__)
bcrypt = Bcrypt(app)
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'sqlite:///database.db'
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = 'thisisasecretkey'
app.config['MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH'] = 16 * 1024 * 1024 # Set max upload size to 16 MB
db = SQLAlchemy(app)
login_manager = LoginManager()
login_manager.init_app(app)
login_manager.login_view = 'login'
@login_manager.user_loader
def load_user(user_id):
return User.query.get(int(user_id))
class User(db.Model, UserMixin):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
username = db.Column(db.String(20), nullable=False, unique=True)
password = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
class RegisterForm(FlaskForm):
username = StringField(validators=[
InputRequired(), Length(min=4, max=20)], render_kw={"placeholder": "Username"})
password = PasswordField(validators=[
InputRequired(), Length(min=8, max=20)], render_kw={"placeholder": "Password"})
submit = SubmitField('Register')
def validate_username(self, username):
existing_user_username = User.query.filter_by(
username=username.data).first()
if existing_user_username:
raise ValidationError(
'That username already exists. Please choose a different one.')
class LoginForm(FlaskForm):
username = StringField(validators=[
InputRequired(), Length(min=4, max=20)], render_kw={"placeholder": "Username"})
password = PasswordField(validators=[
InputRequired(), Length(min=8, max=20)], render_kw={"placeholder": "Password"})
submit = SubmitField('Login')
@app.route('/')
def home():
return render_template('home.html')
@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
form = LoginForm()
if form.validate_on_submit():
user = User.query.filter_by(username=form.username.data).first()
if user:
if bcrypt.check_password_hash(user.password, form.password.data):
login_user(user)
return redirect(url_for('dashboard'))
return render_template('login.html', form=form)
USER_ROLES = {
"student1": "student",
"teacher1": "teacher",
# Add more username-role mappings as needed
}
@app.route('/dashboard', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
@login_required
def dashboard():
username = current_user.username
user_role = USER_ROLES.get(username, "default_role") # Assign a default role if username not found in the mapping
print(username)
return render_template('dashboard.html', user_role=user_role)
# Import necessary libraries and functions (including your ER diagram generation logic)
from wtforms import StringField, SubmitField
from wtforms.validators import DataRequired
class ERDiagramForm(FlaskForm):
user_input = StringField('User Input', validators=[DataRequired()])
submit = SubmitField('Generate ER Diagram')
import subprocess
import json
@app.route('/generate_er_diagram', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
@login_required
def generate_er_diagram():
form = ERDiagramForm(request.form)
sql_queries = ""
if form.validate_on_submit():
user_input = form.user_input.data
user_input = user_input.replace('"', '') # Process the input as needed
# Call the diagram.py script with the processed user input
try:
result = subprocess.run(["python", "diagram.py", user_input], capture_output=True, text=True, check=True)
sql_queries = result.stdout.strip() # Get the SQL queries from the subprocess output
except Exception as e:
sql_queries = f"Error: {e}"
# Load SQL queries from the JSON file
with open('data/sql_queries.json', 'r') as json_file:
saved_queries = json.load(json_file)
return render_template('er_diagram.html', form=form, er_diagram=True, sql_queries=saved_queries)
return render_template('er_diagram.html', form=form, er_diagram=False, sql_queries=sql_queries)
import cv2
from flask import send_from_directory
# Get the absolute path to the temp folder
temp_folder_path = os.path.abspath('temp/')
@app.route('/images/<filename>')
def get_image(filename):
return send_from_directory(temp_folder_path, filename)
# Route to handle image similarity functionality
@app.route('/similarity', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
@login_required
def similarity():
temp_folder = 'temp'
os.makedirs(temp_folder, exist_ok=True)
if request.method == 'POST':
# Handle uploaded images
image1 = request.files['image1']
image2 = request.files['image2']
# Save the uploaded images to temporary files
image1_path = os.path.join(temp_folder, 'image1.jpg')
image2_path = os.path.join(temp_folder, 'image2.jpg')
image1.save(image1_path)
image2.save(image2_path)
# Invert the images
#inverted_image1 = cv2.bitwise_not(cv2.imread(image1_path))
#inverted_image2 = cv2.bitwise_not(cv2.imread(image2_path))
img = cv2.imread(image1_path)
img2 = cv2.imread(image2_path)
# Load the images
inverted_image1 = cv2.bitwise_not(img)
inverted_image2 = cv2.bitwise_not(img2)
# Save the inverted images with correct names
inverted_image1_path = os.path.join(temp_folder, 'inverted_image1.jpg')
inverted_image2_path = os.path.join(temp_folder, 'inverted_image2.jpg')
cv2.imwrite(inverted_image1_path, inverted_image1)
cv2.imwrite(inverted_image2_path, inverted_image2)
# Perform OCR and similarity calculations (assuming these functions are defined)
word_list1, corrected_word_list1, word_list2, corrected_word_list2, pred, corr = perform_ocr_and_similarity(inverted_image1_path, inverted_image2_path)
# Call the similarity.py script with the processed image paths
try:
result = subprocess.run(["python", "similarity.py", inverted_image1_path, inverted_image2_path], capture_output=True, text=True, check=True)
similarity_result = result.stdout.strip()
except Exception as e:
similarity_result = f"Error: {e}"
similarity_result = "Similarity Result"
# Detailed results dictionary
detailed_results = {
"word_list1": word_list1,
"corrected_word_list1": corrected_word_list1,
"word_list2": word_list2,
"corrected_word_list2": corrected_word_list2,
"pred": pred,
"corr": corr
}
return render_template('similarity.html', similarity_result=similarity_result, detailed_results=detailed_results)
return render_template('similarity.html')
import numpy as np
from spellchecker import SpellChecker
from nltk.stem import SnowballStemmer
pipeline = keras_ocr.pipeline.Pipeline()
spell = SpellChecker()
stemmer = SnowballStemmer("english")
# Calculate marks, marks1, marks2, marks3, and final_marks here...
def calculate_marks(corrected_words):
with open('data/entity_list.json', 'r') as json_file:
entity_list = json.load(json_file)
with open('data/attributes.json', 'r') as json_file:
attributes_data = json.load(json_file)
with open('data/relations.json', 'r') as json_file:
relations_data = json.load(json_file)
entity_matches = sum(word.lower() in entity_list for word in corrected_words)
# Filter out None values from corrected_words list
corrected_words = [word for word in corrected_words if word is not None]
attribute_words = [attribute.split('_')[-1].lower() for attributes in attributes_data.values() for attribute in attributes]
attribute_matches = sum(word.lower() in attribute_words for word in corrected_words)
relation_words = [stemmer.stem(word.split()[0]) for word in relations_data.keys()]
relation_matches = sum(stemmer.stem(word) in relation_words for word in corrected_words)
total_entities = len(entity_list)
total_attributes = len(attribute_words)
total_relations = len(relation_words)
marks1 = entity_matches / total_entities
marks2 = attribute_matches / total_attributes
marks3 = relation_matches / total_relations
final_marks = (marks1 + marks2 + marks3) / 3 * 10
return marks1, marks2, marks3, final_marks
import traceback
@app.route('/extract', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
@login_required
def extract():
if request.method == 'POST':
try:
image_file = request.files['image']
if image_file.filename == '':
return "No selected file"
# Process the file
img = cv2.imdecode(np.fromstring(image_file.read(), np.uint8), cv2.IMREAD_COLOR)
inverted_image = cv2.bitwise_not(img)
cv2.imwrite("temp/extract/inverted_image1.jpg", inverted_image)
results = pipeline.recognize(["temp/extract/inverted_image1.jpg"])
word_list = [word_info[0] for word_info in results[0]]
corrected_word_list = [spell.correction(word) for word in word_list]
# Load JSON data
with open('data/entity_list.json', 'r') as json_file:
json_word_list = json.load(json_file)
json_word_list = [word.lower() for word in json_word_list]
# Filter out None values from corrected_word_list
corrected_word_list = [word.lower() for word in corrected_word_list if word is not None]
pred_list = [word.lower() for word in corrected_word_list]
matches = [word for word in json_word_list if word in pred_list]
marks1, marks2, marks3, final_marks = calculate_marks(corrected_word_list)
result = {
'words': word_list,
'corrected_words': corrected_word_list,
'matched_entities': matches,
'marks1': marks1, # Calculate marks1
'marks2': marks2, # Calculate marks2
'marks3': marks3, # Calculate marks3
'final_marks': final_marks # Calculate final_marks
}
return render_template('extract.html', result=result)
except Exception as e:
# Log the exception for debugging purposes
traceback.print_exc() # Print the traceback to console
return f"Error: {e}"
return render_template('extract.html')
import pandas as pd
from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import TfidfVectorizer
from sklearn.metrics.pairwise import cosine_similarity
from sklearn.neighbors import NearestNeighbors
import re
def preprocess_text(text):
return re.sub(r"[^a-zA-Z0-9]", " ", text).lower()
# Refactored initialization code from ai_quiz.py
def initialize_quiz_data():
dataset = pd.read_csv('data/que_ans.csv')
dataset = dataset[['Question', 'Answer']]
dataset['Answer'] = dataset['Answer'].apply(preprocess_text)
vectorizer = TfidfVectorizer()
answer_vectors = vectorizer.fit_transform(dataset['Answer'])
topics_df = pd.read_csv('data/topics.csv')
topic_vector = vectorizer.fit_transform(topics_df['topic'])
return dataset, vectorizer, answer_vectors, topic_vector, topics_df
data, vectorizer, answer_vectors, topic_vector, topics_df = initialize_quiz_data()
def evaluate_answers(user_answers, random_questions):
correct_count = 0
incorrect_questions = []
similarity_scores_list = [] # List to hold similarity scores for each answer
for question, user_answer in zip(random_questions, user_answers):
correct_answer = data[data['Question'] == question]['Answer'].iloc[0]
correct_answer_vector = vectorizer.transform([correct_answer])
user_answer_vector = vectorizer.transform([user_answer])
similarity_scores = cosine_similarity(correct_answer_vector, user_answer_vector)
similarity_scores_list.append(similarity_scores[0][0]) # Add the similarity score to the list
if similarity_scores >= 0.4:
correct_count += 1
else:
incorrect_questions.append(question)
# Recommend topics based on incorrect answers
neigh = NearestNeighbors(n_neighbors=3, metric='cosine')
neigh.fit(topic_vector)
ranked_topics = []
for question in incorrect_questions:
question_vector = vectorizer.transform([question])
_, indices = neigh.kneighbors(question_vector.reshape(1, -1))
ranked_topic = topics_df['topic'].iloc[indices[0]]
ranked_topics.extend(ranked_topic)
return correct_count, similarity_scores_list, ranked_topics
@app.route('/quiz', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
@login_required
def quiz():
if request.method == 'POST':
if 'user_answer' in request.form:
user_answers = request.form.getlist('user_answer')
random_questions = session['questions']
correct_count, similarity_scores_list, ranked_topics = evaluate_answers(user_answers, random_questions)
return render_template('quiz.html', step='results', user_answers=user_answers,
correct_count=correct_count, questions=random_questions,
similarity_scores_list=similarity_scores_list, recommended_topics=ranked_topics,
zip=zip)
else: # This is the GET request, which means the student is starting the quiz
num_questions = session.get('num_questions', 10) # default to 10 if not set
random_indices = np.random.randint(0, len(data), size=int(num_questions))
random_questions = data['Question'].iloc[random_indices].tolist()
session['questions'] = random_questions
return render_template('quiz.html', step='answer', questions=random_questions)
# This line will probably never be reached now, but let's keep it just in case
return render_template('quiz.html', step='select_num_questions')
@app.route('/quiz_count', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def quiz_count():
if request.method == 'POST':
num_questions = request.form['num_questions']
topics = request.form.getlist('topics') # Assuming topics is a multi-select field
session['num_questions'] = num_questions
session['topics'] = topics
session['message'] = f"Topics {', '.join(topics)} were selected and the number of questions was set as {num_questions}."
return redirect(url_for('quiz_count'))
# Clear the message after it has been set
message = session.pop('message', None)
return render_template('quiz_count.html', message=message)
@app.route('/logout', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
@login_required
def logout():
logout_user()
return redirect(url_for('login'))
@ app.route('/register', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def register():
form = RegisterForm()
if form.validate_on_submit():
hashed_password = bcrypt.generate_password_hash(form.password.data)
new_user = User(username=form.username.data, password=hashed_password)
db.session.add(new_user)
db.session.commit()
return redirect(url_for('login'))
return render_template('register.html', form=form)
if __name__ == "__main__":
with app.app_context():
db.create_all() # Create the tables inside the application context
app.run(debug=True)
data/ER_Analysis_Edited.csv 0 → 100644
View file @ 0940822a
This source diff could not be displayed because it is too large. You can view the blob instead.
data/attributes.json 0 → 100644
View file @ 0940822a
{"Event": ["e_id", "e_title", "e_date", "e_venue"], "Customer": ["c_id", "c_name", "c_contact_info", "c_ticket_history"], "Attendee": ["a_id", "a_event_id", "a_customer_id"], "Ticket": ["t_id", "t_price", "t_event_id", "t_capacity", "t_scanning"]}
\ No newline at end of file
data/entity_list.json 0 → 100644
View file @ 0940822a
["Event", "Customer", "Attendee", "Ticket"]
\ No newline at end of file
data/que_ans.csv 0 → 100644
View file @ 0940822a
,Question,Answer
0,What is Cloud Computing Security?,"Cloud Computing Security is the process of protecting data, applications, and infrastructure associated with cloud computing services from unauthorized access, malicious attacks, and data leakage."
1,What is Cloud Computing Data Storage?,"Cloud Computing Data Storage is a type of data storage that is hosted on the cloud, allowing users to store, access, and manage their data remotely over the internet."
2,What is Cloud Computing Performance Optimization?,"Cloud Computing Performance Optimization is the process of improving the performance of cloud-based applications and services by optimizing the underlying infrastructure and architecture. It involves identifying and addressing potential bottlenecks, improving resource utilization, and optimizing the application code."
3,What is Cloud Computing Cost Analysis?,"Cloud Computing Cost Analysis is a process of evaluating the cost of using cloud computing services, such as Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). It involves analyzing the cost of hardware, software, and other resources needed to run a cloud-based application or service."
4,What is Cloud Computing?,"Cloud computing is a type of computing that relies on sharing computing resources rather than having local servers or personal devices to handle applications. It provides on-demand access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources, such as networks, servers, storage, applications, and services."
5,What is a Cloud Computing Service Level Agreement (SLA)?,"A Cloud Computing Service Level Agreement (SLA) is a contract between a cloud service provider and a customer that defines the level of service expected from the provider. It outlines the services provided, the performance standards, and the remedies available if the service fails to meet the agreed upon standards."
6,What is Cloud Computing Disaster Recovery?,"Cloud Computing Disaster Recovery is a process of protecting and recovering data, applications, and other IT resources in the event of a disaster. It involves the use of cloud-based services to ensure that data and applications are available in the event of a disaster."
7,What is Cloud Computing Compliance?,"Cloud Computing Compliance is the process of ensuring that cloud computing services and products meet the requirements of applicable laws, regulations, and industry standards."
8,What is Cloud Computing Automation?,"Cloud Computing Automation is the process of automating the provisioning, configuration, deployment, scaling, and management of cloud-based resources. It enables organizations to reduce manual effort and cost, while increasing efficiency and agility."
9,What is scalability in cloud computing?,Scalability in cloud computing is the ability of a system to increase or decrease its capacity to meet the changing demands of its users. It allows for the system to be able to handle more users or more data without having to make major changes to the system.
10,What is the purpose of Cybersecurity Risk Management?,"The purpose of Cybersecurity Risk Management is to identify, assess, and prioritize risks associated with the use of technology, and to develop strategies to manage and mitigate those risks."
11,What is the purpose of a Cybersecurity Incident Response Plan?,"The purpose of a Cybersecurity Incident Response Plan is to provide a structured approach to responding to and managing security incidents, including the identification, containment, investigation, and resolution of security incidents."
12,What is the purpose of a Cybersecurity Audit?,"The purpose of a Cybersecurity Audit is to assess the security of an organization's information systems and networks, identify any potential vulnerabilities, and recommend corrective actions to improve the security posture of the organization."
13,What is the purpose of Cybersecurity Compliance?,"The purpose of Cybersecurity Compliance is to ensure that organizations adhere to applicable laws, regulations, and industry standards related to the security of their systems and data."
14,What is Cybersecurity Threat Intelligence?,"Cybersecurity Threat Intelligence is the process of gathering, analyzing, and acting on information about potential threats to an organization's digital assets. It involves collecting data from a variety of sources, such as open source intelligence, dark web monitoring, and internal security systems, and then analyzing it to identify potential threats and vulnerabilities."
15,What is Cybersecurity Vulnerability Management?,"Cybersecurity Vulnerability Management is the process of identifying, assessing, and mitigating security vulnerabilities in an organization's IT infrastructure. It involves identifying, classifying, and prioritizing vulnerabilities, and then taking steps to reduce or eliminate them."
16,What is the purpose of a firewall?,The purpose of a firewall is to protect a network from unauthorized access by controlling the incoming and outgoing network traffic.
17,What is application security?,"Application security is the process of making sure that applications are secure and protected from malicious attacks, unauthorized access, and data breaches."
18,What is the purpose of Cybersecurity Data Protection?,"The purpose of Cybersecurity Data Protection is to protect data from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction."
19,What is the purpose of identity and access management?,The purpose of identity and access management is to ensure that only authorized users have access to the resources they need to perform their job functions. It also helps to protect the organization from unauthorized access to sensitive data and systems.
20,What is Data Science Modeling?,Data Science Modeling is the process of using statistical and machine learning techniques to analyze data and create predictive models that can be used to make decisions and predictions.
21,What is the purpose of a data science algorithm?,The purpose of a data science algorithm is to analyze data and extract meaningful insights from it.
22,What is Data Science?,"Data Science is a field of study that combines mathematics, statistics, and computer science to analyze and interpret large datasets. It is used to uncover patterns and insights, make predictions, and inform decisions."
23,What is Natural Language Processing?,"Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a branch of artificial intelligence that deals with analyzing, understanding, and generating the languages that humans use naturally in order to interface with computers. NLP uses algorithms to analyze and understand natural language, and then generate meaningful insights from it."
24,What is Data Science?,"Data Science is an interdisciplinary field that uses scientific methods, processes, algorithms and systems to extract knowledge and insights from structured and unstructured data."
25,What is Predictive Analytics?,"Predictive analytics is a form of advanced analytics that uses data mining, machine learning and statistical techniques to extract information from data and predict future outcomes and trends."
26,What is the purpose of data visualization?,"The purpose of data visualization is to present data in a visual format, such as a chart or graph, to make it easier to understand and interpret."
27,What is Big Data?,Big Data is a term used to describe large and complex datasets that are difficult to process using traditional data processing applications. It is used to describe the massive volume of both structured and unstructured data that inundates a business on a day-to-day basis.
28,What is Deep Learning?,"Deep Learning is a subset of Machine Learning that uses multi-layered artificial neural networks to deliver state-of-the-art accuracy in tasks such as object detection, speech recognition, language translation, and image recognition."
29,What is the purpose of statistical analysis in data science?,"The purpose of statistical analysis in data science is to identify patterns and relationships in data sets, and to use those patterns and relationships to make predictions and decisions."
30,What is the purpose of data analysis techniques?,The purpose of data analysis techniques is to extract meaningful insights from data to inform decision-making.
31,What is the purpose of data analysis tools?,"Data analysis tools are used to analyze data and extract meaningful insights from it. They can be used to identify trends, patterns, and correlations in data sets, as well as to make predictions and forecasts."
32,What is the purpose of data analysis?,The purpose of data analysis is to gain insights and knowledge from data by applying analytical and statistical techniques.
33,What is the purpose of data analysis?,The purpose of data analysis is to gain insights and knowledge from data by applying analytical and statistical techniques.
34,What is the purpose of data analysis?,The purpose of data analysis is to gain insights and knowledge from data by applying analytical and statistical techniques.
35,What is the purpose of data analysis?,The purpose of data analysis is to gain insights and knowledge from data in order to make informed decisions.
36,What is the purpose of data analysis?,The purpose of data analysis is to gain insights and knowledge from data by applying analytical and statistical techniques.
37,What is the purpose of data analysis techniques for machine learning?,"Data analysis techniques for machine learning are used to identify patterns and trends in data sets, which can then be used to make predictions and decisions."
38,What is the purpose of Natural Language Processing?,The purpose of Natural Language Processing (NLP) is to enable computers to understand and process human language in order to gain insights from text-based data.
39,What is Predictive Analytics?,"Predictive analytics is the use of data, statistical algorithms and machine learning techniques to identify the likelihood of future outcomes based on historical data."
40,What is Artificial Intelligence?,"Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. These processes include learning (the acquisition of information and rules for using the information), reasoning (using the rules to reach approximate or definite conclusions) and self-correction."
41,What is Artificial Intelligence?,"Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that focuses on creating intelligent machines that can think and act like humans. AI is used to develop computer systems that can solve complex problems, recognize patterns, and make decisions with minimal human intervention."
42,What is Artificial Intelligence Natural Language Processing?,"Artificial Intelligence Natural Language Processing (AI NLP) is a branch of artificial intelligence that deals with the analysis, understanding, and generation of natural language by computers. It is used to process and analyze large amounts of natural language data and to produce meaningful insights from it."
43,What is Artificial Intelligence Robotics?,"Artificial Intelligence Robotics is a branch of computer science that focuses on creating intelligent machines that can think and act like humans. It involves the use of algorithms, machine learning, and natural language processing to enable robots to perform tasks that would otherwise require human intelligence."
44,What is Artificial Intelligence Computer Vision?,"Artificial Intelligence Computer Vision is a branch of artificial intelligence that enables computers to interpret and understand the visual world, including objects, scenes, and activities. It uses deep learning algorithms to analyze images and videos to recognize objects, identify patterns, and classify images."
45,What is a neural network?,"A neural network is a type of artificial intelligence that is modeled after the structure of the human brain, using interconnected nodes to process data and make decisions."
46,What is Deep Learning?,"Deep Learning is a subset of Artificial Intelligence that uses multi-layered artificial neural networks to deliver state-of-the-art accuracy in tasks such as object detection, speech recognition, language translation, and image recognition."
47,What is Artificial Intelligence Knowledge Representation?,"Artificial Intelligence Knowledge Representation is the process of encoding knowledge in a form that can be used by a computer system to reason and solve problems. It involves representing facts, rules, and other types of knowledge in a way that can be understood and manipulated by a computer system."
48,What is Artificial Intelligence Planning?,Artificial Intelligence Planning is a subfield of Artificial Intelligence that focuses on the development of algorithms and techniques that enable computers to make decisions and take actions in order to achieve a specific goal.
49,What is Artificial Intelligence Automated Reasoning?,Artificial Intelligence Automated Reasoning is a branch of Artificial Intelligence that focuses on the development of computer systems that can reason logically and autonomously. It involves the use of algorithms and techniques to enable machines to make decisions and solve problems.
50,What is the purpose of Machine Learning Algorithms?,The purpose of Machine Learning Algorithms is to enable computers to learn from data and make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed.
51,What is Machine Learning?,Machine Learning is a type of artificial intelligence that provides computers with the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed. It focuses on the development of computer programs that can access data and use it to learn for themselves.
52,What is a Machine Learning Model?,A Machine Learning Model is an algorithm that is used to identify patterns in data and make predictions based on those patterns. It is a type of artificial intelligence that uses data to learn and improve its performance over time.
53,What is the most popular Machine Learning Library?,The most popular Machine Learning Library is TensorFlow.
54,What is Machine Learning?,"Machine Learning is a field of artificial intelligence that uses algorithms to learn from data, identify patterns, and make decisions without being explicitly programmed."
55,What is Supervised Learning?,Supervised learning is a type of machine learning algorithm that uses a known dataset (labeled data) to predict the output of new data. It uses labeled data to train a model to predict the output of new data.
56,What is Unsupervised Learning?,Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning algorithm that looks for previously undetected patterns in a data set without the help of a labeled response variable. It is used to draw inferences from datasets consisting of input data without labeled responses.
57,What is Reinforcement Learning?,Reinforcement Learning is a type of Machine Learning that enables an agent to learn from its environment by taking actions and receiving rewards for its actions. It is an area of Machine Learning that focuses on how an agent should take actions in an environment in order to maximize its rewards.
58,What is a Neural Network?,A neural network is a type of machine learning algorithm modeled after the human brain that is designed to recognize patterns. It is composed of a large number of interconnected processing elements (neurons) that work together to process information and make decisions.
59,What is the difference between Machine Learning and Deep Learning?,"Machine Learning is a subset of Artificial Intelligence that uses algorithms to learn from data and make predictions, while Deep Learning is a subset of Machine Learning that uses multi-layered neural networks to learn from data and make predictions."
60,What is the purpose of the software development process?,"The purpose of the software development process is to provide a structured approach to the development of software applications, from the initial concept to the final product. It helps to ensure that the software meets the requirements of the customer and is delivered on time and within budget."
61,What is the Waterfall Model?,"The Waterfall Model is a software development methodology that follows a sequential process, where progress is seen as flowing steadily downwards (like a waterfall) through the phases of Conception, Initiation, Analysis, Design, Construction, Testing, Production/Implementation, and Maintenance."
62,What is the purpose of software development best practices?,"The purpose of software development best practices is to ensure that software is developed in a consistent, reliable, and efficient manner. These practices help to reduce the risk of errors, improve the quality of the software, and ensure that the software meets the needs of the users."
63,What is the purpose of the Singleton Design Pattern?,"The Singleton Design Pattern is used to ensure that only one instance of a class is created, providing a single point of access to that instance."
64,What is Software Development Testing?,Software Development Testing is the process of testing software to ensure that it meets the requirements of the customer and is of high quality.
65,What is software development automation?,"Software development automation is the process of automating the creation, testing, and deployment of software applications. It is used to reduce the amount of manual work required to develop and maintain software applications, and to improve the quality and speed of software development."
66,What is the purpose of software development security?,"The purpose of software development security is to ensure that software applications are designed, developed, and maintained in a secure manner, with appropriate security controls in place to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the system."
67,What is the purpose of software development documentation?,"The purpose of software development documentation is to provide a comprehensive description of the software development process, including design, coding, testing, and maintenance. It also serves as a reference for developers and other stakeholders to understand the software and its development."
68,What is software maintenance?,"Software maintenance is the process of modifying a software product after delivery to correct faults, to improve performance or other attributes."
69,What is software development optimization?,"Software development optimization is the process of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of software development processes. It involves identifying areas of improvement, developing strategies to address them, and implementing those strategies to improve the overall development process."
70,What is the probability of rolling a 6 on a standard six-sided die?,The probability of rolling a 6 on a standard six-sided die is 1/6.
71,What is a probability distribution?,"A probability distribution is a mathematical function that describes the likelihood of obtaining a certain outcome from a random event. It is used to describe the probability of a given event occurring, and is typically represented by a graph or table."
72,What is the probability of rolling a 3 on a standard six-sided die?,The probability of rolling a 3 on a standard six-sided die is 1/6.
73,What is a probability model?,"A probability model is a mathematical representation of a random phenomenon. It is defined by its sample space, events within the sample space, and probabilities associated with each event."
74,What is Probability Estimation?,"Probability Estimation is a method of predicting the likelihood of an event occurring based on past data. It is used in a variety of fields, including finance, engineering, and medicine."
75,What is Probability Inference?,"Probability Inference is a method of reasoning that uses probability theory to draw conclusions from given information. It is used to make predictions about the likelihood of certain events occurring, based on past data and observations."
76,What is Probability Sampling?,"Probability sampling is a method of selecting a sample from a population in which each member of the population has a known, non-zero probability of being selected."
77,What is the probability of getting a number greater than 5 when simulating a random number between 0 and 10?,The probability of getting a number greater than 5 when simulating a random number between 0 and 10 is 0.5.
78,What is the purpose of Probability Hypothesis Testing?,The purpose of Probability Hypothesis Testing is to determine whether a hypothesis about a population parameter is true or false.
79,What is Probability Bayesian Analysis?,Probability Bayesian Analysis is a statistical technique used to analyze data and make predictions based on prior knowledge and experience. It combines prior knowledge with observed data to make predictions about future events.
80,What is the purpose of descriptive analysis?,"The purpose of descriptive analysis is to summarize a dataset by describing the main characteristics of the data, such as the mean, median, mode, range, and standard deviation. It is used to gain an understanding of the data and to identify patterns and relationships between variables."
81,What is the purpose of inferential analysis?,The purpose of inferential analysis is to draw conclusions about a population based on a sample of data from that population.
82,What is the purpose of regression analysis?,The purpose of regression analysis is to identify relationships between variables and to use those relationships to predict outcomes.
83,What is correlation analysis?,Correlation analysis is a statistical technique used to measure the strength of a relationship between two variables. It is used to determine if a relationship exists between two variables and the strength of that relationship.
84,What is the purpose of hypothesis testing?,The purpose of hypothesis testing is to determine whether there is enough evidence in a sample of data to infer that a certain condition holds true for the entire population.
85,What is the purpose of time series analysis?,"The purpose of time series analysis is to identify underlying patterns, trends, and correlations in data points collected over time, in order to make predictions about future values."
86,What is Survival Analysis?,"Survival Analysis is a type of statistical analysis used to analyze the expected duration of time until one or more events happen, such as death in biological organisms and failure in mechanical systems."
87,What is the purpose of multivariate analysis?,The purpose of multivariate analysis is to analyze multiple variables simultaneously in order to identify relationships and patterns between them. It can also be used to make predictions and draw conclusions about the data.
88,What is nonparametric analysis?,Nonparametric analysis is a type of statistical analysis that does not assume that data follows a particular probability distribution. It is used to analyze data that is not normally distributed or when the assumptions of parametric tests are not met.
89,What is the purpose of experimental design?,The purpose of experimental design is to identify the most effective way to test a hypothesis or answer a research question. It involves creating a plan for collecting data and analyzing the results in order to draw meaningful conclusions.
90,What is the purpose of the <head> tag in HTML?,"The <head> tag in HTML is used to provide information about the document, such as its title, scripts, stylesheets, meta data, and more."
91,What is the purpose of a web server?,"The purpose of a web server is to store, process and deliver web pages to clients."
92,What is a database?,"A database is a structured collection of data stored in a computer system. It is organized in such a way that it can easily be accessed, managed, and updated."
93,What is a web server?,"A web server is a computer system that processes requests via HTTP, the basic network protocol used to distribute information on the World Wide Web."
94,What is the purpose of a web application firewall?,"The purpose of a web application firewall (WAF) is to provide an additional layer of security to protect web applications from malicious attacks such as cross-site scripting (XSS), SQL injection, and other malicious activities."
95,What is web development performance optimization?,"Web development performance optimization is the process of improving the speed and efficiency of a website or web application by optimizing code, content, and resources."
96,What is Responsive Design?,"Responsive design is a web design approach aimed at crafting sites to provide an optimal viewing experience—easy reading and navigation with a minimum of resizing, panning, and scrolling—across a wide range of devices (from desktop computer monitors to mobile phones)."
97,What is cross-browser compatibility?,Cross-browser compatibility is the ability of a website or web application to be viewed and function correctly in multiple web browsers.
98,What is the purpose of user experience design?,"The purpose of user experience design is to create products that provide meaningful and relevant experiences to users. It focuses on the overall experience of the user when interacting with a product, system or service, and aims to create positive experiences that keep users engaged and satisfied."
99,What is a Content Management System (CMS)?,A content management system (CMS) is a software application or set of related programs that are used to create and manage digital content. It typically supports multiple users in a collaborative environment.
100,What is Supervised Learning Classification?,Supervised Learning Classification is a type of machine learning algorithm that uses labeled data to predict the output of new data. It is used to classify data into different categories based on the features of the data.
101,What is Supervised Learning Regression?,Supervised Learning Regression is a type of machine learning algorithm that uses labeled data to predict a continuous output. It is used to predict a numerical value given a set of input features.
102,What is a Decision Tree?,"A decision tree is a supervised learning algorithm used for classification and regression problems. It works by creating a tree-like structure of decisions and their possible consequences, including chance event outcomes, resource costs, and utility. The goal is to create a model that predicts the value of a target variable by learning simple decision rules inferred from the data features."
103,What is Supervised Learning Support Vector Machines (SVM)?,Supervised Learning Support Vector Machines (SVM) is a machine learning algorithm that uses a set of mathematical functions to classify data into different categories. It is a supervised learning algorithm that can be used for both classification and regression tasks.
104,What is Supervised Learning Naive Bayes?,Supervised Learning Naive Bayes is a supervised machine learning algorithm that uses Bayes theorem to make predictions based on prior knowledge. It is a probabilistic classifier that uses the probability of an event occurring to make predictions.
105,What is supervised learning in neural networks?,Supervised learning in neural networks is a type of machine learning algorithm that uses a set of labeled data to train a model to make predictions. The model is trained to recognize patterns in the data and make predictions based on those patterns.
106,What is Supervised Learning Ensemble Methods?,Supervised Learning Ensemble Methods is a type of machine learning technique that combines multiple models to improve the accuracy of predictions. It uses multiple models to make predictions and then combines the results to produce a more accurate prediction than any of the individual models could produce.
107,What is Supervised Learning Feature Selection?,Supervised Learning Feature Selection is a process of selecting the most relevant features from a dataset for use in a supervised learning model. It is a process of identifying and selecting a subset of features that contribute most to the prediction variable or output in which we are interested.
108,What is Supervised Learning Model Evaluation?,"Supervised Learning Model Evaluation is the process of assessing the performance of a supervised learning model on a given dataset. It involves measuring the model's accuracy, precision, recall, and other metrics to determine how well it is able to make predictions."
109,What is Supervised Learning Hyperparameter Tuning?,Supervised Learning Hyperparameter Tuning is the process of optimizing the performance of a supervised learning algorithm by tuning its hyperparameters. It is a type of model selection technique that is used to optimize the performance of a supervised learning algorithm by tuning its hyperparameters.
110,What is Unsupervised Learning Clustering?,"Unsupervised Learning Clustering is a type of machine learning algorithm that groups data points into clusters based on their similarity or distance from each other. It does not require any labels or supervision, and is used to discover patterns and structure in data."
111,What is Unsupervised Learning Dimensionality Reduction?,Unsupervised Learning Dimensionality Reduction is a technique used to reduce the number of features in a dataset by extracting the most important features that explain the most variance in the data. It is used to reduce the complexity of the data and make it easier to analyze.
112,What is Unsupervised Learning Association Rules?,"Unsupervised Learning Association Rules is a type of machine learning algorithm that discovers relationships between variables in a dataset without the use of labels or supervision. It is used to uncover hidden patterns and correlations in data sets, and can be used to generate rules that describe the data."
113,What is Unsupervised Learning Anomaly Detection?,Unsupervised Learning Anomaly Detection is a type of machine learning algorithm that is used to detect anomalies or outliers in a dataset without the need for labeled data. It uses statistical methods to identify patterns in the data that are significantly different from the rest of the data.
114,What is Unsupervised Learning Feature Extraction?,Unsupervised Learning Feature Extraction is a type of machine learning technique that extracts meaningful features from data without the need for labels or supervision. It is used to discover patterns and relationships in data that can be used to make predictions or decisions.
115,What is Unsupervised Learning Feature Selection?,Unsupervised Learning Feature Selection is a process of selecting the most relevant features from a dataset without the use of labels or target values. It is used to reduce the dimensionality of the data and improve the accuracy of the model.
116,What is Unsupervised Learning Model Evaluation?,Unsupervised Learning Model Evaluation is a process of assessing the performance of an unsupervised learning model by measuring its ability to identify patterns in data without the use of labels or ground truth.
117,What is Unsupervised Learning Hyperparameter Tuning?,Unsupervised Learning Hyperparameter Tuning is the process of optimizing the hyperparameters of an unsupervised learning algorithm in order to improve its performance. It involves selecting the best combination of hyperparameters for a given dataset and task.
118,What is a Self-Organizing Map?,A Self-Organizing Map (SOM) is an unsupervised learning algorithm that is used to produce a low-dimensional representation of the input data. It is a type of artificial neural network that is trained using unsupervised learning to produce a map-like representation of the input data.
119,What is Unsupervised Learning Generative Adversarial Networks (UGAN)?,"Unsupervised Learning Generative Adversarial Networks (UGAN) is a type of generative model that uses two neural networks, a generator and a discriminator, to generate new data from existing data. The generator creates new data from existing data, while the discriminator evaluates the generated data and determines whether it is real or fake."
120,What is the purpose of data visualization?,"The purpose of data visualization is to present data in a visual format, such as a chart or graph, to make it easier to understand and interpret."
121,What is the most popular data visualization tool?,The most popular data visualization tool is Tableau.
122,What is the purpose of data visualization?,"The purpose of data visualization is to communicate information clearly and effectively through graphical means. It enables decision makers to see analytics presented visually, so they can grasp difficult concepts or identify new patterns."
123,What is the purpose of data visualization design principles?,The purpose of data visualization design principles is to provide guidance on how to effectively communicate data and information through visual representations.
124,What is data visualization storytelling?,"Data visualization storytelling is the process of using data visualizations to tell stories and communicate insights. It involves creating visualizations that are both informative and engaging, and that can be used to explain complex data in an easy-to-understand way."
125,What is a data visualization dashboard?,"A data visualization dashboard is a graphical representation of data that allows users to quickly and easily identify patterns, trends, and correlations in their data. It is typically composed of charts, graphs, and other visual elements that make it easier to interpret and analyze data."
126,What is a data visualization map?,"A data visualization map is a graphical representation of data that uses symbols, such as points, lines, or areas, to represent different values of a variable or set of variables. It is used to explore and analyze data in order to gain insights and make decisions."
127,What type of chart is used to compare values across categories?,A bar chart is used to compare values across categories.
128,What type of graph is used to compare values across categories?,A bar graph is used to compare values across categories.
129,What is the purpose of data visualization infographics?,The purpose of data visualization infographics is to present complex data in a visually appealing and easy to understand format.
130,What is Cloud Computing Security?,"Cloud Computing Security is the process of protecting data, applications, and infrastructure associated with cloud computing services from unauthorized access, malicious attacks, and data leakage."
131,What is Cloud Computing Data Storage?,"Cloud Computing Data Storage is a type of data storage that is hosted on the cloud, allowing users to store, access, and manage their data remotely over the internet."
132,What is Cloud Computing Performance Optimization?,"Cloud Computing Performance Optimization is the process of improving the performance of cloud-based applications and services by optimizing the underlying infrastructure and architecture. It involves identifying and addressing potential bottlenecks, improving resource utilization, and optimizing the application code."
133,What is Cloud Computing Cost Analysis?,"Cloud Computing Cost Analysis is a process of evaluating the cost of using cloud computing services, such as Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). It involves analyzing the cost of hardware, software, and other resources needed to run a cloud-based application or service."
134,What is Cloud Computing?,"Cloud computing is a type of computing that relies on sharing computing resources rather than having local servers or personal devices to handle applications. It provides on-demand access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources, such as networks, servers, storage, applications, and services."
135,What is the purpose of a Cloud Computing Service Level Agreement?,"The purpose of a Cloud Computing Service Level Agreement (SLA) is to define the terms and conditions of the services provided by a cloud service provider to its customers. It outlines the responsibilities of both the provider and the customer, and sets out the expectations for the quality of service that will be provided."
136,What is Cloud Computing Disaster Recovery?,"Cloud Computing Disaster Recovery is a process of protecting and recovering data, applications, and other IT resources in the event of a disaster. It involves the use of cloud-based services to ensure that data and applications are available in the event of a disaster."
137,What is Cloud Computing Compliance?,"Cloud Computing Compliance is the process of ensuring that cloud computing services and products meet the requirements of applicable laws, regulations, and industry standards."
138,What is Cloud Computing Automation?,"Cloud Computing Automation is the process of automating the provisioning, configuration, deployment, scaling, and management of cloud-based resources. It enables organizations to reduce manual effort and cost, while increasing efficiency and agility."
139,What is scalability in cloud computing?,Scalability in cloud computing is the ability of a system to increase or decrease its capacity to meet the changing demands of its users. It allows for the system to be able to handle more users or data without having to make major changes to the system.
140,What is the purpose of Cybersecurity Risk Management?,"The purpose of Cybersecurity Risk Management is to identify, assess, and prioritize risks to an organization's information assets and to develop strategies to manage those risks. It is a process of identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks associated with the use of technology and information systems."
141,What is the purpose of a Cybersecurity Incident Response Plan?,"The purpose of a Cybersecurity Incident Response Plan is to provide a structured approach to responding to and managing security incidents, including the identification, containment, eradication, and recovery from security incidents."
142,What is the purpose of a Cybersecurity Audit?,"The purpose of a Cybersecurity Audit is to assess the security of an organization's information systems and networks, identify any potential vulnerabilities, and recommend corrective actions to improve the security posture of the organization."
143,What is the purpose of Cybersecurity Compliance?,"The purpose of Cybersecurity Compliance is to ensure that organizations adhere to applicable laws, regulations, and industry standards related to the security of their systems and data."
144,What is Cybersecurity Threat Intelligence?,"Cybersecurity Threat Intelligence is the process of gathering, analyzing, and acting on information about potential threats to an organization's digital assets. It involves collecting data from a variety of sources, such as open source intelligence, dark web monitoring, and internal security systems, and then analyzing it to identify potential threats and vulnerabilities."
145,What is Cybersecurity Vulnerability Management?,"Cybersecurity Vulnerability Management is the process of identifying, assessing, and mitigating security vulnerabilities in an organization's IT infrastructure. It involves identifying, classifying, and prioritizing vulnerabilities, and then taking steps to reduce or eliminate them."
146,What is the purpose of a firewall?,The purpose of a firewall is to protect a network from unauthorized access by controlling the incoming and outgoing network traffic.
147,What is application security?,"Application security is the process of making sure that applications are secure and protected from malicious attacks, unauthorized access, and data breaches."
148,What is the purpose of Cybersecurity Data Protection?,"The purpose of Cybersecurity Data Protection is to protect data from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction."
149,What is the purpose of identity and access management?,The purpose of identity and access management is to ensure that only authorized users have access to the resources they need to perform their job functions. It also helps to protect the organization from unauthorized access to sensitive data and systems.
150,What is Data Science Modeling?,Data Science Modeling is the process of using statistical and machine learning techniques to analyze large datasets and uncover patterns and insights. It involves the application of algorithms and techniques to extract knowledge from data in order to make predictions or decisions.
151,What is the purpose of a data science algorithm?,The purpose of a data science algorithm is to analyze data and extract meaningful insights from it.
152,What is Data Science?,"Data Science is a field of study that combines mathematics, statistics, and computer science to analyze and interpret large datasets. It is used to uncover patterns and insights, make predictions, and inform decisions."
153,What is Natural Language Processing?,"Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a branch of artificial intelligence that deals with analyzing, understanding, and generating the languages that humans use naturally in order to interface with computers. NLP uses algorithms to analyze and understand natural language, and then generate meaningful insights from it."
154,What is Data Science?,"Data Science is an interdisciplinary field that uses scientific methods, processes, algorithms and systems to extract knowledge and insights from structured and unstructured data."
155,What is Predictive Analytics?,"Predictive analytics is a form of advanced analytics that uses data mining, machine learning and statistical techniques to extract information from data and predict future outcomes and trends."
156,What is the purpose of data visualization?,"The purpose of data visualization is to present data in a visual format, such as a chart or graph, to make it easier to understand and interpret."
157,What is Big Data?,Big Data is a term used to describe large and complex datasets that are difficult to process using traditional data processing applications. It is used to describe the massive volume of both structured and unstructured data that inundates a business on a day-to-day basis.
158,What is Deep Learning?,"Deep Learning is a subset of Machine Learning that uses multi-layered artificial neural networks to deliver state-of-the-art accuracy in tasks such as object detection, speech recognition, language translation, and image recognition."
159,What is the purpose of statistical analysis in data science?,"The purpose of statistical analysis in data science is to identify patterns and relationships in data sets, and to use those patterns and relationships to make predictions and decisions."
160,What is the purpose of data analysis techniques?,The purpose of data analysis techniques is to extract meaningful insights from data to inform decision-making.
161,What is the purpose of data analysis tools?,"Data analysis tools are used to analyze data and extract meaningful insights from it. They can be used to identify patterns, trends, and correlations in data, as well as to make predictions and decisions based on the data."
162,What is the purpose of data analysis?,The purpose of data analysis is to gain insights and knowledge from data by applying analytical and statistical techniques.
163,What is the purpose of data analysis?,The purpose of data analysis is to gain insights and knowledge from data by applying analytical and statistical techniques.
164,What is the purpose of data analysis?,The purpose of data analysis is to gain insights and knowledge from data by applying analytical and statistical techniques.
165,What is the purpose of data analysis?,The purpose of data analysis is to gain insights and knowledge from data in order to make informed decisions.
166,What is the purpose of data analysis?,The purpose of data analysis is to gain insights and knowledge from data by applying analytical and statistical techniques.
167,What is the purpose of data analysis techniques for machine learning?,"Data analysis techniques for machine learning are used to identify patterns and trends in data sets, which can then be used to make predictions and decisions."
168,What is the purpose of Natural Language Processing?,The purpose of Natural Language Processing (NLP) is to enable computers to understand and process human language in order to gain insights from text-based data.
169,What is Predictive Analytics?,"Predictive analytics is the use of data, statistical algorithms and machine learning techniques to identify the likelihood of future outcomes based on historical data."
170,What is Artificial Intelligence?,"Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. These processes include learning (the acquisition of information and rules for using the information), reasoning (using the rules to reach approximate or definite conclusions) and self-correction."
171,What is Artificial Intelligence?,"Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that focuses on creating intelligent machines that can think and act like humans. AI is used to develop computer systems that can solve complex problems, recognize patterns, and make decisions with minimal human intervention."
172,What is Artificial Intelligence Natural Language Processing?,"Artificial Intelligence Natural Language Processing (AI NLP) is a branch of artificial intelligence that deals with the analysis, understanding, and generation of natural language by computers. It is used to process and analyze large amounts of natural language data and to produce meaningful insights from it."
173,What is Artificial Intelligence Robotics?,"Artificial Intelligence Robotics is a branch of computer science that focuses on creating intelligent machines that can think and act like humans. It involves the use of algorithms, machine learning, and natural language processing to enable robots to perform tasks that would otherwise require human intelligence."
174,What is Artificial Intelligence Computer Vision?,"Artificial Intelligence Computer Vision is a branch of artificial intelligence that enables computers to interpret and understand the visual world, including objects, scenes, and activities. It uses deep learning algorithms to analyze images and videos to recognize objects, identify patterns, and classify images."
175,What is a neural network?,"A neural network is a type of artificial intelligence that is modeled after the structure of the human brain, using interconnected nodes to process data and make decisions."
176,What is Deep Learning?,"Deep Learning is a subset of Artificial Intelligence that uses multi-layered artificial neural networks to deliver state-of-the-art accuracy in tasks such as object detection, speech recognition, language translation, and image recognition."
177,What is Artificial Intelligence Knowledge Representation?,"Artificial Intelligence Knowledge Representation is the process of encoding knowledge in a form that can be used by a computer system to reason and solve problems. It involves representing facts, rules, and other types of knowledge in a way that can be understood and manipulated by a computer system."
178,What is Artificial Intelligence Planning?,Artificial Intelligence Planning is a subfield of Artificial Intelligence that focuses on the development of algorithms and techniques that enable computers to make decisions and take actions in order to achieve a specific goal.
179,What is Artificial Intelligence Automated Reasoning?,Artificial Intelligence Automated Reasoning is a branch of Artificial Intelligence that focuses on the development of computer systems that can reason logically and autonomously. It is used to solve complex problems that require logical reasoning and decision-making.
180,What is the purpose of Machine Learning Algorithms?,The purpose of Machine Learning Algorithms is to enable computers to learn from data and make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed.
181,What is Machine Learning?,Machine Learning is a type of artificial intelligence that provides computers with the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed. It focuses on the development of computer programs that can access data and use it to learn for themselves.
182,What is a Machine Learning Model?,A Machine Learning Model is an algorithm that is used to identify patterns in data and make predictions based on those patterns. It is a type of artificial intelligence that uses data to learn and improve its performance over time.
183,What is the most popular Machine Learning Library?,The most popular Machine Learning Library is TensorFlow.
184,What is Machine Learning?,"Machine Learning is a field of artificial intelligence that uses algorithms to learn from data, identify patterns, and make decisions without being explicitly programmed."
185,What is Supervised Learning?,Supervised learning is a type of machine learning algorithm that uses a known dataset (labeled data) to predict the output of new data. It uses labeled data to train a model to predict the output of new data.
186,What is Unsupervised Learning?,Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning algorithm that looks for previously undetected patterns in a data set without the help of a labeled response variable. It is used to draw inferences from datasets consisting of input data without labeled responses.
187,What is Reinforcement Learning?,Reinforcement Learning is a type of Machine Learning that enables an agent to learn from its environment by taking actions and receiving rewards for its actions. It is an area of Machine Learning that focuses on how an agent should take actions in an environment in order to maximize its rewards.
188,What is a Neural Network?,"A neural network is a type of machine learning algorithm modeled after the human brain that is designed to recognize patterns. It is composed of interconnected nodes, or neurons, that process and transmit information."
189,What is the difference between Machine Learning and Deep Learning?,"Machine Learning is a subset of Artificial Intelligence that uses algorithms to learn from data and make predictions, while Deep Learning is a subset of Machine Learning that uses multi-layered neural networks to learn from data and make predictions."
190,What is the purpose of the software development process?,"The purpose of the software development process is to provide a structured approach to the development of software applications, from the initial concept to the final product. It helps to ensure that the software meets the requirements of the customer and is delivered on time and within budget."
191,What is the Waterfall Model?,"The Waterfall Model is a software development methodology that follows a sequential process, where progress is seen as flowing steadily downwards (like a waterfall) through the phases of Conception, Initiation, Analysis, Design, Construction, Testing, Production/Implementation, and Maintenance."
192,What is the purpose of software development best practices?,"The purpose of software development best practices is to ensure that software is developed in a consistent, reliable, and efficient manner. These practices help to reduce the risk of errors, improve the quality of the software, and ensure that the software meets the needs of the users."
193,What is the purpose of the Singleton Design Pattern?,"The Singleton Design Pattern is used to ensure that only one instance of a class is created, providing a single point of access to that instance."
194,What is Software Development Testing?,Software Development Testing is the process of testing software to ensure that it meets the requirements of the customer and is of high quality.
195,What is software development automation?,"Software development automation is the process of automating the creation, testing, and deployment of software applications. It is used to reduce the amount of manual work required to develop and maintain software applications, and to improve the quality and speed of software development."
196,What is the purpose of software development security?,"The purpose of software development security is to ensure that software applications are designed, developed, and maintained in a secure manner, with appropriate security controls in place to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the system."
197,What is the purpose of software development documentation?,"The purpose of software development documentation is to provide a comprehensive description of the software development process, including design, coding, testing, and maintenance. It also serves as a reference for developers and other stakeholders to understand the software and its development."
198,What is software maintenance?,"Software maintenance is the process of modifying a software product after delivery to correct faults, to improve performance or other attributes."
199,What is software development optimization?,"Software development optimization is the process of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of software development processes. It involves identifying areas of improvement, developing strategies to address them, and implementing those strategies to improve the overall development process."
200,What is the probability of rolling a 6 on a standard six-sided die?,The probability of rolling a 6 on a standard six-sided die is 1/6.
201,What is a probability distribution?,"A probability distribution is a mathematical function that describes the likelihood of obtaining a certain outcome from a random event. It is used to describe the probability of a given event occurring, and is typically represented by a graph or table."
202,What is the probability of rolling a 3 on a standard six-sided die?,The probability of rolling a 3 on a standard six-sided die is 1/6.
203,What is a probability model?,"A probability model is a mathematical representation of a random phenomenon. It is defined by its sample space, events within the sample space, and probabilities associated with each event."
204,What is Probability Estimation?,"Probability Estimation is a method of predicting the likelihood of an event occurring based on past data. It is used in a variety of fields, including finance, engineering, and medicine."
205,What is Probability Inference?,"Probability Inference is a method of reasoning that uses probability theory to draw conclusions from given information. It is used to make predictions about the likelihood of certain events occurring, based on past data and observations."
206,What is Probability Sampling?,"Probability sampling is a method of selecting a sample from a population in which each member of the population has a known, non-zero probability of being selected."
207,What is the probability of getting a number greater than 5 when simulating a random number between 0 and 10?,The probability of getting a number greater than 5 when simulating a random number between 0 and 10 is 0.5.
208,What is the purpose of Probability Hypothesis Testing?,The purpose of Probability Hypothesis Testing is to determine whether a hypothesis about a population parameter is true or false.
209,What is Probability Bayesian Analysis?,Probability Bayesian Analysis is a statistical technique used to analyze data and make predictions based on prior knowledge and experience. It uses Bayes' theorem to calculate the probability of an event occurring based on prior knowledge and experience.
210,What is the purpose of descriptive analysis?,"The purpose of descriptive analysis is to summarize a dataset by describing the main characteristics of the data, such as the mean, median, mode, range, and standard deviation. It is used to gain an understanding of the data and to identify patterns and relationships between variables."
211,What is the purpose of inferential analysis?,The purpose of inferential analysis is to draw conclusions about a population based on a sample of data from that population.
212,What is the purpose of regression analysis?,The purpose of regression analysis is to identify relationships between variables and to use those relationships to predict outcomes.
213,What is correlation analysis?,Correlation analysis is a statistical technique used to measure the strength of the relationship between two variables. It is used to determine whether a relationship exists between two variables and the strength of that relationship.
214,What is the purpose of hypothesis testing?,The purpose of hypothesis testing is to determine whether there is enough evidence in a sample of data to infer that a certain condition is true for the entire population.
215,What is the purpose of time series analysis?,"The purpose of time series analysis is to identify underlying patterns, trends, and correlations in data points collected over time, in order to make predictions about future values."
216,What is Survival Analysis?,"Survival Analysis is a statistical technique used to analyze the expected duration of time until one or more events happen, such as death in biological organisms and failure in mechanical systems. It is also referred to as reliability analysis or event history analysis."
217,What is the purpose of multivariate analysis?,The purpose of multivariate analysis is to analyze multiple variables simultaneously in order to identify relationships and patterns between them. It can also be used to make predictions and draw conclusions about the data.
218,What is nonparametric analysis?,Nonparametric analysis is a type of statistical analysis that does not assume that the data follows a particular probability distribution. It is used when the data is not normally distributed or when the assumptions of parametric tests are not met.
219,What is the purpose of experimental design?,The purpose of experimental design is to identify the most effective way to test a hypothesis or answer a research question. It involves creating a plan for collecting data and analyzing the results in order to draw meaningful conclusions.
220,What is the purpose of the <head> tag in HTML?,"The <head> tag in HTML is used to provide information about the document, such as its title, scripts, stylesheets, meta data, and more."
221,What is the purpose of a web server?,"The purpose of a web server is to store, process and deliver web pages to clients."
222,What is a database?,"A database is a structured collection of data stored in a computer system. It is organized in such a way that it can easily be accessed, managed, and updated."
223,What is a web server?,"A web server is a computer system that processes requests via HTTP, the basic network protocol used to distribute information on the World Wide Web."
224,What is the purpose of a web application firewall?,"The purpose of a web application firewall (WAF) is to provide an additional layer of security to protect web applications from malicious attacks such as cross-site scripting (XSS), SQL injection, and other malicious activities."
225,What is web development performance optimization?,"Web development performance optimization is the process of improving the speed and efficiency of a website or web application by optimizing code, content, and resources."
226,What is Responsive Design?,"Responsive design is a web design approach aimed at crafting sites to provide an optimal viewing experience—easy reading and navigation with a minimum of resizing, panning, and scrolling—across a wide range of devices (from desktop computer monitors to mobile phones)."
227,What is cross-browser compatibility?,Cross-browser compatibility is the ability of a website or web application to be viewed and function correctly in multiple web browsers.
228,What is the purpose of user experience design?,"The purpose of user experience design is to create products that provide meaningful and relevant experiences to users. It focuses on the overall experience of the user when interacting with a product, system or service, and aims to create positive experiences that keep users engaged and satisfied."
229,What is a Content Management System (CMS)?,A content management system (CMS) is a software application or set of related programs that are used to create and manage digital content. It typically supports multiple users in a collaborative environment.
230,What is Supervised Learning Classification?,Supervised Learning Classification is a type of machine learning algorithm that uses labeled data to predict the output of new data. It is used to classify data into different categories based on the features of the data.
231,What is Supervised Learning Regression?,Supervised Learning Regression is a type of machine learning algorithm that uses labeled data to predict a continuous output. It is used to predict a numerical value given a set of input features.
232,What is a Decision Tree?,"A decision tree is a supervised learning algorithm used for classification and regression problems. It works by creating a tree-like structure of decisions and their possible consequences, including chance event outcomes, resource costs, and utility. The goal is to create a model that predicts the value of a target variable by learning simple decision rules inferred from the data features."
233,What is Supervised Learning Support Vector Machines (SVM)?,Supervised Learning Support Vector Machines (SVM) is a machine learning algorithm that uses a set of mathematical functions to classify data into different categories. It is a supervised learning algorithm that can be used for both classification and regression tasks.
234,What is Supervised Learning Naive Bayes?,Supervised Learning Naive Bayes is a supervised machine learning algorithm that uses Bayes theorem to make predictions based on prior knowledge. It is a probabilistic classifier that uses the probability of an event occurring to make predictions.
235,What is supervised learning in neural networks?,Supervised learning in neural networks is a type of machine learning algorithm that uses a set of labeled data to train a model to make predictions. The model is trained to recognize patterns in the data and to make predictions based on those patterns.
236,What is Supervised Learning Ensemble Methods?,Supervised Learning Ensemble Methods is a type of machine learning technique that combines multiple models to improve the accuracy of predictions. It combines the predictions of multiple models to produce a more accurate and robust prediction than any single model could produce.
237,What is Supervised Learning Feature Selection?,Supervised Learning Feature Selection is a process of selecting the most relevant features from a dataset for use in a supervised learning model. It is a process of identifying and selecting a subset of features that contribute most to the prediction variable or output in which we are interested.
238,What is Supervised Learning Model Evaluation?,"Supervised Learning Model Evaluation is the process of assessing the performance of a supervised learning model on a given dataset. It involves measuring the model's accuracy, precision, recall, and other metrics to determine how well it is able to make predictions."
239,What is Supervised Learning Hyperparameter Tuning?,Supervised Learning Hyperparameter Tuning is the process of optimizing the performance of a supervised learning algorithm by tuning its hyperparameters. It is a type of model selection technique that is used to optimize the performance of a supervised learning algorithm by tuning its hyperparameters.
240,What is Unsupervised Learning Clustering?,"Unsupervised Learning Clustering is a type of machine learning algorithm that groups data points into clusters based on their similarity or distance from each other. It does not require any labels or supervision, and is used to discover patterns and structure in data."
241,What is Unsupervised Learning Dimensionality Reduction?,Unsupervised Learning Dimensionality Reduction is a technique used to reduce the number of features in a dataset by extracting the most important features that explain the most variance in the data. It is used to reduce the complexity of the data and make it easier to analyze.
242,What is Unsupervised Learning Association Rules?,"Unsupervised Learning Association Rules is a type of machine learning algorithm that discovers relationships between variables in a dataset without the use of labels or supervision. It is used to uncover hidden patterns and correlations in data sets, and can be used to generate rules that describe the data."
243,What is Unsupervised Learning Anomaly Detection?,Unsupervised Learning Anomaly Detection is a type of machine learning algorithm that is used to detect anomalies or outliers in a dataset without the need for labeled data. It uses statistical methods to identify patterns in the data that are significantly different from the rest of the data.
244,What is Unsupervised Learning Feature Extraction?,Unsupervised Learning Feature Extraction is a type of machine learning technique that extracts meaningful features from data without the need for labels or supervision. It is used to discover patterns and relationships in data that can be used to make predictions or decisions.
245,What is Unsupervised Learning Feature Selection?,Unsupervised Learning Feature Selection is a process of selecting the most relevant features from a dataset without the use of labels or target values. It is used to reduce the dimensionality of the data and improve the accuracy of the model.
246,What is Unsupervised Learning Model Evaluation?,Unsupervised Learning Model Evaluation is a process of assessing the performance of an unsupervised learning model by measuring its ability to identify patterns in data without the use of labels or ground truth.
247,What is Unsupervised Learning Hyperparameter Tuning?,Unsupervised Learning Hyperparameter Tuning is the process of optimizing the hyperparameters of an unsupervised learning algorithm in order to improve its performance. It involves selecting the best combination of hyperparameters for a given dataset and task.
248,What is a Self-Organizing Map?,A Self-Organizing Map (SOM) is an unsupervised learning algorithm that is used to produce a low-dimensional representation of the input data. It is a type of artificial neural network that is trained using unsupervised learning to produce a map-like representation of the input data.
249,What is Unsupervised Learning Generative Adversarial Networks (UGAN)?,"Unsupervised Learning Generative Adversarial Networks (UGAN) is a type of generative model that uses two neural networks, a generator and a discriminator, to generate new data from existing data. The generator creates new data from existing data, while the discriminator evaluates the generated data and determines whether it is real or fake."
250,What is the purpose of data visualization?,"The purpose of data visualization is to present data in a visual format, such as a chart or graph, to make it easier to understand and interpret."
251,What is the most popular data visualization tool?,The most popular data visualization tool is Tableau.
252,What is the purpose of data visualization?,"The purpose of data visualization is to communicate information clearly and effectively through graphical means. It enables decision makers to see analytics presented visually, so they can grasp difficult concepts or identify new patterns."
253,What is the purpose of data visualization design principles?,The purpose of data visualization design principles is to provide guidance on how to effectively communicate data and information through visual representations.
254,What is data visualization storytelling?,"Data visualization storytelling is the process of using data visualizations to tell stories and communicate insights. It involves creating visualizations that are both informative and engaging, and that can be used to explain complex data in an easy-to-understand way."
255,What is a data visualization dashboard?,"A data visualization dashboard is a graphical representation of data that allows users to quickly and easily identify patterns, trends, and correlations in their data. It is typically composed of charts, graphs, and other visual elements that make it easier to interpret and analyze data."
256,What is a data visualization map?,"A data visualization map is a graphical representation of data that uses symbols, such as points, lines, or areas, to represent different values of a variable or set of variables. It is used to explore and analyze data in order to gain insights and make decisions."
257,What type of chart is used to compare values across categories?,A bar chart is used to compare values across categories.
258,What type of graph is used to compare values across categories?,A bar graph is used to compare values across categories.
259,What is the purpose of data visualization infographics?,The purpose of data visualization infographics is to present complex data in a visually appealing and easy to understand format.
data/relations.json 0 → 100644
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{"has": {"left": ["Event", "M"], "right": ["Attendee", "M"]}, "purchases": {"left": ["Customer", "M"], "right": ["Ticket", "M"]}, "attends": {"left": ["Attendee", "M"], "right": ["Event", "M"]}}
\ No newline at end of file
data/sql_queries.json 0 → 100644
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"CREATE TABLE Event (e_id VARCHAR(255), e_title VARCHAR(255), e_date VARCHAR(255), e_venue VARCHAR(255));\nCREATE TABLE Customer (c_id VARCHAR(255), c_name VARCHAR(255), c_contact_info VARCHAR(255), c_ticket_history VARCHAR(255));\nCREATE TABLE Attendee (a_id VARCHAR(255), a_event_id VARCHAR(255), a_customer_id VARCHAR(255));\nCREATE TABLE Ticket (t_id VARCHAR(255), t_price VARCHAR(255), t_event_id VARCHAR(255), t_capacity VARCHAR(255), t_scanning VARCHAR(255));\nALTER TABLE Event ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Event_Attendee FOREIGN KEY (event_id) REFERENCES Attendee(attendee_id);\nALTER TABLE Customer ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Customer_Ticket FOREIGN KEY (customer_id) REFERENCES Ticket(ticket_id);\nALTER TABLE Attendee ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Attendee_Event FOREIGN KEY (attendee_id) REFERENCES Event(event_id);"
\ No newline at end of file
data/topics.csv 0 → 100644
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,topic
0,Cloud Computing Security
1,Cloud Computing Data Storage
2,Cloud Computing Performance Optimization
3,Cloud Computing Cost Analysis
4,Cloud Computing Infrastructure Design
5,Cloud Computing Service Level Agreements
6,Cloud Computing Disaster Recovery
7,Cloud Computing Compliance
8,Cloud Computing Automation
9,Cloud Computing Scalability
10,Cybersecurity Risk Management
11,Cybersecurity Incident Response
12,Cybersecurity Auditing
13,Cybersecurity Compliance
14,Cybersecurity Threat Intelligence
15,Cybersecurity Vulnerability Management
16,Cybersecurity Network Security
17,Cybersecurity Application Security
18,Cybersecurity Data Protection
19,Cybersecurity Identity and Access Management
20,Data Science Modeling
21,Data Science Algorithms
22,Data Science Machine Learning
23,Data Science Natural Language Processing
24,Data Science Data Mining
25,Data Science Data Visualization
26,Data Science Predictive Analytics
27,Data Science Statistical Analysis
28,Data Science Big Data
29,Data Science Deep Learning
30,Data Analysis Techniques
31,Data Analysis Tools
32,Data Analysis Processes
33,Data Analysis Strategies
34,Data Analysis Best Practices
35,Data Analysis Methodologies
36,Data Analysis Techniques
37,Data Analysis Techniques
38,Data Analysis Techniques
39,Data Analysis Techniques
40,Artificial Intelligence Algorithms
41,Artificial Intelligence Applications
42,Artificial Intelligence Robotics
43,Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning
44,Artificial Intelligence Natural Language Processing
45,Artificial Intelligence Computer Vision
46,Artificial Intelligence Neural Networks
47,Artificial Intelligence Deep Learning
48,Artificial Intelligence Knowledge Representation
49,Artificial Intelligence Planning
50,Machine Learning Algorithms
51,Machine Learning Applications
52,Machine Learning Supervised Learning
53,Machine Learning Unsupervised Learning
54,Machine Learning Reinforcement Learning
55,Machine Learning Neural Networks
56,Machine Learning Deep Learning
57,Machine Learning Natural Language Processing
58,Machine Learning Computer Vision
59,Machine Learning Feature Engineering
60,Software Development Processes
61,Software Development Methodologies
62,Software Development Best Practices
63,Software Development Design Patterns
64,Software Development Testing
65,Software Development Automation
66,Software Development Security
67,Software Development Documentation
68,Software Development Maintenance
69,Software Development Optimization
70,Probability Distributions
71,Probability Theory
72,Probability Calculus
73,Probability Models
74,Probability Estimation
75,Probability Inference
76,Probability Sampling
77,Probability Simulation
78,Probability Hypothesis Testing
79,Probability Bayesian Analysis
80,Statistics Descriptive Analysis
81,Statistics Inferential Analysis
82,Statistics Regression Analysis
83,Statistics Correlation Analysis
84,Statistics Hypothesis Testing
85,Statistics Time Series Analysis
86,Statistics Survival Analysis
87,Statistics Multivariate Analysis
88,Statistics Nonparametric Analysis
89,Statistics Experimental Design
90,Web Development Front-End Development
91,Web Development Back-End Development
92,Web Development Database Development
93,Web Development User Interface Design
94,Web Development User Experience Design
95,Web Development Responsive Design
96,Web Development Cross-Browser Compatibility
97,Web Development Web Security
98,Web Development Performance Optimization
99,Web Development Content Management Systems
100,Supervised Learning Classification
101,Supervised Learning Regression
102,Supervised Learning Decision Trees
103,Supervised Learning Support Vector Machines
104,Supervised Learning Naive Bayes
105,Supervised Learning Neural Networks
106,Supervised Learning Ensemble Methods
107,Supervised Learning Feature Engineering
108,Supervised Learning Model Evaluation
109,Supervised Learning Hyperparameter Tuning
110,Unsupervised Learning Clustering
111,Unsupervised Learning Dimensionality Reduction
112,Unsupervised Learning Anomaly Detection
113,Unsupervised Learning Association Rules
114,Unsupervised Learning Neural Networks
115,Unsupervised Learning Feature Engineering
116,Unsupervised Learning Model Evaluation
117,Unsupervised Learning Hyperparameter Tuning
118,Unsupervised Learning Autoencoders
119,Unsupervised Learning Generative Adversarial Networks
120,Data Visualization Tools
121,Data Visualization Techniques
122,Data Visualization Best Practices
123,Data Visualization Dashboards
124,Data Visualization Storytelling
125,Data Visualization Design Principles
126,Data Visualization Data Mapping
127,Data Visualization Data Exploration
128,Data Visualization Data Analysis
129,Data Visualization Data Interpretation
data/two_answer.csv 0 → 100644
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,Question,Answer,Class,Answer2
0,What is an ER diagram?,"An ER diagram is a visual representation of the entities, attributes, and relationships between entities in a database.",1,"A graphical illustration of the entities, characteristics, and connections between entities in a database is presented by an ER diagram."
1,What is an ER diagram?,An ER diagram is a diagram that represents the process of eradicating rodents from a particular area.,0,A schematic of an ER is a representation that illustrates the elimination of mice from a certain region.
2,What is the purpose of an ER diagram?,The purpose of an ER diagram is to illustrate the logical structure of a database and provide a high-level overview of how different entities are related to each other.,1,The aim of an ER diagram is to demonstrate the logical organization of a database and give a broad view of how distinct entities are associated with one another.
3,What is the purpose of an ER diagram?,The purpose of an ER diagram is to entertain people by creating interesting visual patterns.,0,The aim of an ER diagram is to amuse individuals by forming captivating visual designs.
4,What are the main components of an ER diagram?,"The main components of an ER diagram include entities, attributes, relationships, and cardinality constraints.",1,"The essential elements of an ER diagram are composed of entities, characteristics, associations, and cardinality regulations."
5,What are the main components of an ER diagram?,"The main components of an ER diagram are unicorns, rainbows, and magic wands.",0,"The essential elements of an ER diagram consist of unicorns, rainbows, and magic wands."
6,What are entities in an ER diagram?," Entities represent real-world objects or concepts, such as customers, products, or orders, which are stored in a database.",1,"Real-world objects or ideas, like customers, products, or orders, are symbolized by entities and kept in a database."
7,What are entities in an ER diagram?,Entities in an ER diagram refer to mythical creatures that possess superpowers.,0,ER diagrams depict mythical beings that have extraordinary capabilities.
8,What are attributes in an ER diagram?,"Attributes describe the characteristics or properties of entities, such as the name, age, or address of a customer.",1,"The characteristics or properties of entities, such as a customer's name, age, or address, are described by attributes."
9,What are attributes in an ER diagram?,Attributes in an ER diagram are characteristics of aliens from outer space.,0,The ER diagram contains characteristics that are associated with extraterrestrial beings from beyond the stars.
10,What are relationships in an ER diagram?,Relationships define the associations or connections between entities. They describe how entities are related to each other.,1,"The associations or links between entities are characterized by relationships, which illustrate the manner in which entities are connected to one another."
11,What are relationships in an ER diagram?,Relationships in an ER diagram are imaginary connections between different flavors of ice cream.,0,The ER diagram illustrates imaginary ties between various types of ice cream.
12,What are cardinality constraints in an ER diagram?,Cardinality constraints define the numerical limits on the participation of entities in a relationship. They specify how many instances of one entity can be associated with another entity.,1,Cardinality restrictions set out the numerical boundaries for the involvement of entities in a relationship. They indicate the amount of occurrences of one entity that can be linked to another entity.
13,What are cardinality constraints in an ER diagram?,Cardinality constraints in an ER diagram are mathematical formulas used to calculate the weight of a helium balloon.,0,Cardinality constraints in an ER diagram are mathematical equations employed to ascertain the mass of a helium balloon.
14,What are the types of relationships in an ER diagram?,"The types of relationships in an ER diagram include one-to-one (1:1), one-to-many (1:N), and many-to-many (N:M) relationships.",1,"In an ER diagram, the kinds of associations can be categorized as 1:1, 1:N, and N:M connections."
15,What are the types of relationships in an ER diagram?,The types of relationships in an ER diagram are classified based on the astrological signs of the entities involved.,0,The associations between entities in an ER diagram are categorized according to the zodiacal symbols of the entities included.
16,How are relationships represented in an ER diagram?,Relationships are typically represented by diamond-shaped symbols that connect entities. The cardinality constraints are indicated near the ends of the relationship lines.,1,"Diamond-shaped symbols are usually used to illustrate relationships between entities, with cardinality constraints being indicated close to the ends of the relationship lines."
17,How are relationships represented in an ER diagram?,Relationships are represented in an ER diagram by drawing smiley faces between entities.,0,Smiley faces are utilized in an ER diagram to symbolize the connections between entities.
18,What is an example of an ER diagram?,"An example of an ER diagram could be a university database where entities like students, courses, and instructors are connected through relationships such as enrollment and teaching.",1,"An illustration of an Entity-Relationship diagram could be a college database in which entities like pupils, classes, and educators are linked through associations such as registration and instruction."
19,What is an example of an ER diagram?,An example of an ER diagram is a drawing of a stick figure riding a bicycle.,0,A representation of an ER diagram could be a sketch of a person on a bicycle.
20,What is the difference between an entity and an attribute in an ER diagram?,"An entity represents a distinct object or concept in the database, while an attribute describes a characteristic or property of that entity.",1,"An entity stands for a separate item or idea in the database, while an attribute characterizes or has a quality of that entity."
21,What is the difference between an entity and an attribute in an ER diagram?,The difference between an entity and an attribute in an ER diagram is that entities are real-life objects while attributes are figments of the imagination.,0,"The distinction between an entity and an attribute in an ER diagram is that entities are actual objects in the real world, whereas attributes are imaginary concepts."
22, Can an entity have multiple attributes?,"Yes, an entity can have multiple attributes. For example, a ""Person"" entity may have attributes such as name, age, and email address.",1,"It is possible for an entity to possess multiple characteristics. As an illustration, a ""Person"" entity may include features such as name, age, and email address."
23, Can an entity have multiple attributes?,"Yes, an entity can have multiple attributes if it has the ability to shape-shift.",0,It is possible for an entity to possess multiple characteristics if it has the capacity to alter its form.
24,What is the purpose of primary keys in an ER diagram?,Primary keys uniquely identify each instance of an entity in a database. They help ensure data integrity and enable efficient data retrieval.,1,"Every entity in a database is uniquely identified by its primary key, which helps to guarantee the accuracy of the data and facilitates quick access to it."
25,What is the purpose of primary keys in an ER diagram?,The purpose of primary keys in an ER diagram is to unlock secret doors in a fantasy castle.,0,The objective of primary keys in an ER diagram is to open concealed portals in an imaginary fortress.
26,How are primary keys represented in an ER diagram?,"In an ER diagram, a primary key is typically underlined or marked with a special symbol, such as a key icon, next to the attribute.",1,"In an ER diagram, an attribute that is a primary key is usually indicated by underlining it or by placing a special symbol, like a key icon, beside it."
27,How are primary keys represented in an ER diagram?,Primary keys are represented in an ER diagram by using a special font that only wizards can understand.,0,ER diagrams are marked with a special font that is only decipherable by those with magical knowledge.
28,What is a foreign key in an ER diagram?,A foreign key is an attribute in one entity that refers to the primary key of another entity. It establishes a relationship between the two entities.,1,"An attribute in one entity, referred to as a foreign key, is linked to the primary key of another entity, thus creating a connection between the two entities."
29,What is a foreign key in an ER diagram?,A foreign key in an ER diagram is a key that opens the door to an interdimensional portal.,0,A foreign key in an ER diagram is a key that unlocks access to an interdimensional gateway.
30,How are relationships classified in an ER diagram?,"Relationships can be classified as unary, binary, or ternary, depending on the number of entities involved. Unary relationships involve a single entity, binary relationships involve two entities, and ternary relationships involve three entities.",1,"The type of relationship can be distinguished as unary, binary, or ternary, depending on the amount of participants. Unary associations involve one individual, binary associations involve two people, and ternary associations involve three people."
31,How are relationships classified in an ER diagram?,Relationships in an ER diagram are classified based on the color of the entities involved.,0,The entities in an ER diagram are categorized according to the hue of the related entities.
32,What is a weak entity in an ER diagram?, A weak entity is an entity that depends on another entity for its existence. It does not have a primary key of its own but relies on the primary key of the related entity.,1,"An entity that is dependent on another entity for its existence is known as a weak entity. It does not possess its own primary key, but instead relies on the primary key of the associated entity."
33,What is a weak entity in an ER diagram?,A weak entity in an ER diagram is an entity that lacks self-confidence and needs constant validation.,0,An entity with a lack of assurance in an ER diagram is one that requires continual affirmation and support.
34,What is an optional relationship in an ER diagram?,"An optional relationship, also known as a zero-to-one relationship, indicates that the participation of an entity in a relationship is optional. It means that an entity can exist without being associated with another entity.",1,"A zero-to-one relationship, also referred to as an optional association, implies that the involvement of an entity in a connection is discretionary. This implies that an entity can exist without being linked to another entity."
35,What is an optional relationship in an ER diagram?,An optional relationship in an ER diagram is a relationship that only exists on alternate Tuesdays.,0,A discretionary association in an ER diagram is a connection that is only present on alternating Tuesdays.
36,What is an identifying relationship in an ER diagram?,An identifying relationship is a relationship where the primary key of the child entity includes the primary key of the parent entity. It signifies a strong dependency between the entities.,1,A distinguishing association is a connection in which the main key of the subordinate element incorporates the primary key of the parent element. This implies a solid reliance between the elements.
37,What is an identifying relationship in an ER diagram?,An identifying relationship in an ER diagram is a relationship that can only be identified by deciphering ancient hieroglyphics.,0,A distinguishing association in an ER diagram is one that can only be deciphered by interpreting archaic hieroglyphs.
38,How can cardinality constraints be represented in an ER diagram?," Cardinality constraints can be represented using notations such as ""1"" (one), ""N"" (many), or specific numerical values near the ends of the relationship lines.",1,"Notations such as ""1"" (single), ""N"" (numerous), or exact numerical figures close to the edges of the relationship lines can be utilized to depict cardinality constraints."
39,How can cardinality constraints be represented in an ER diagram?,Cardinality constraints can be represented in an ER diagram by using a secret code known only to secret agents.,0,ER diagrams can be utilized to illustrate cardinality constraints through a code that is exclusive to covert operatives.
40,What is the purpose of a composite attribute in an ER diagram?,A composite attribute is used to represent a complex attribute that can be further divided into smaller sub-attributes. It helps in organizing and structuring the attributes of an entity.,1,A composite characteristic is employed to signify a complicated attribute that can be broken down into smaller components. It assists in arranging and structuring the characteristics of a being.
41,What is the purpose of a composite attribute in an ER diagram?,The purpose of a composite attribute in an ER diagram is to confuse people and make the diagram look more complex.,0,The intent of a composite attribute in an ER diagram is to perplex individuals and render the diagram more intricate.
42,What is a multivalued attribute in an ER diagram?,A multivalued attribute is an attribute that can have multiple values for a single entity instance. It represents a set of values rather than a single value.,1,An attribute with multiple values is one that can have a variety of values for a single entity instance. It stands for a collection of values instead of a single one.
43,What is a multivalued attribute in an ER diagram?,A multivalued attribute in an ER diagram is an attribute that can take on multiple personalities.,0,An ER diagram's multivalued attribute is an attribute that can possess multiple characteristics.
44,How are multivalued attributes represented in an ER diagram?,Multivalued attributes are represented by double ovals in an ER diagram.,1,Double ovals in an ER diagram are utilized to signify multivalued attributes.
45,How are multivalued attributes represented in an ER diagram?,Multivalued attributes are represented in an ER diagram by drawing squiggly lines around the entities.,0,Squiggly lines are used to depict multivalued attributes in an ER diagram surrounding the entities.
46,What is an associative entity in an ER diagram?,"An associative entity, also known as a junction entity or a relationship entity, is an entity that is created to represent a relationship between two or more other entities.",1,"A junction entity, also referred to as an associative entity or a relationship entity, is a construct that is established to signify the connection between two or more other entities."
47,What is an associative entity in an ER diagram?,An associative entity in an ER diagram is a mysterious entity that possesses supernatural powers.,0,An associative entity in an ER diagram is an enigmatic entity that has extraordinary capabilities.
48,What is the purpose of an associative entity in an ER diagram?,An associative entity is used when a relationship between entities has attributes of its own. It allows for more complex relationships to be modeled.,1,An associative entity is employed when a connection between entities has its own characteristics. This enables for the modeling of more intricate associations.
49,What is the purpose of an associative entity in an ER diagram?,The purpose of an associative entity in an ER diagram is to grant wishes to those who can decipher its hidden meaning.,0,The goal of an associative entity in an ER diagram is to bestow desires upon those who can interpret its concealed significance.
50,What is the difference between a weak entity and a strong entity in an ER diagram?,"A strong entity exists independently and has its own primary key, while a weak entity depends on another entity for its existence and does not have a primary key of its own.",1,"A powerful entity stands alone and has its own primary key, whereas a feeble entity is reliant on another entity for its existence and does not possess a primary key of its own."
51,What is the difference between a weak entity and a strong entity in an ER diagram?,A weak entity in an ER diagram is weak because it skipped too many gym sessions.,0,A feeble entity in an ER diagram is feeble due to its lack of attendance at the gym.
52,How are weak entities represented in an ER diagram?,Weak entities are represented by double rectangles in an ER diagram.,1,Double rectangles are utilized to depict weak entities in an ER diagram.
53,How are weak entities represented in an ER diagram?,Weak entities are represented in an ER diagram by drawing them with sad faces and tiny muscles.,0,Weak entities are depicted in an ER diagram with a sorrowful expression and slight muscles.
54, What is a subtype in an ER diagram?,"A subtype, also known as a subclass, is a specialized entity that inherits attributes and relationships from a parent entity. It represents a specific subset of instances within the parent entity.",1,"A subclass, otherwise referred to as a subtype, is a particular entity that obtains qualities and connections from a parent entity. It symbolizes a precise group of occurrences within the parent entity."
55, What is a subtype in an ER diagram?,A subtype in an ER diagram is a type of grape that is used to make a special type of wine.,0,A subclass in an ER diagram is a variety of grape employed to produce a distinct kind of vino.
56,What is the purpose of generalization in an ER diagram?,Generalization is used to represent the relationships between a superclass (parent entity) and its subclasses (subtypes) in an inheritance hierarchy. It allows for abstraction and specialization.,1,"Generalization is employed to illustrate the connections between a superordinate entity and its subordinate types in a hierarchical inheritance structure, thereby allowing for abstraction and particularization."
57,What is the purpose of generalization in an ER diagram?,The purpose of generalization in an ER diagram is to confuse people with fancy jargon.,0,The aim of employing generalization in an ER diagram is to perplex people with technical terminology.
58,How are generalization and specialization represented in an ER diagram?, Generalization and specialization are represented using a triangle-shaped symbol connected to the superclass entity and its subclasses.,1,A triangle-shaped symbol is utilized to illustrate the generalization and specialization of the superclass entity and its subclasses.
59,How are generalization and specialization represented in an ER diagram?,Generalization and specialization are represented in an ER diagram by drawing zigzag lines and random symbols.,0,"In an ER diagram, generalization and specialization are depicted by the use of zigzag lines and assorted symbols."
60,Can an entity participate in multiple relationships in an ER diagram?,"Yes, an entity can participate in multiple relationships with other entities in an ER diagram. This allows for complex connections and associations between entities.",1,"It is possible for an entity to be involved in multiple associations with other entities in an ER diagram, thus enabling intricate links and relationships between them."
61,Can an entity participate in multiple relationships in an ER diagram?,"Yes, an entity can participate in multiple relationships in an ER diagram if it has excellent multitasking skills.",0,It is possible for an entity to be involved in multiple associations in an ER diagram if it has remarkable capacity for multitasking.
62,What is a recursive relationship in an ER diagram?,A recursive relationship occurs when an entity is related to itself through a relationship. It represents a relationship between instances of the same entity type.,1,A recursive association is established when an entity is linked to itself via a connection. This denotes a connection between examples of the same entity type.
63,What is a recursive relationship in an ER diagram?,"A recursive relationship in an ER diagram is a relationship that causes a time loop, leading to infinite confusion.",0,"A recursive association in an ER diagram is one that produces a temporal cycle, resulting in perpetual perplexity."
64,How is a recursive relationship represented in an ER diagram?,"A recursive relationship is represented by a line connecting the entity to itself, often with a label indicating the nature of the relationship.",1,"A line connecting the entity to itself, often with a label indicating the type of association, is used to depict a recursive relationship."
65,How is a recursive relationship represented in an ER diagram?,A recursive relationship is represented in an ER diagram by drawing an endless loop of arrows.,0,An ER diagram illustrates a recursive relationship by depicting a continuous cycle of arrows.
66,What is a weak relationship in an ER diagram?,A weak relationship is a relationship where the existence of one entity depends on the existence of another entity. It is typically represented by a dashed line connecting the entities.,1,A tenuous connection is a bond where one entity is reliant on the presence of the other. This is usually depicted by a line with dashes linking the two entities.
67,What is a weak relationship in an ER diagram?,A weak relationship in an ER diagram is a relationship that gets easily offended and demands constant reassurance.,0,A fragile connection in an ER diagram is one that is easily hurt and requires continual affirmation.
68,What is the purpose of a weak relationship in an ER diagram?,A weak relationship is used to represent dependencies and constraints between entities that require the participation of both entities for meaningful data representation.,1,A feeble connection is employed to signify interdependencies and limitations between entities that necessitate the involvement of both entities for significant data representation.
69,What is the purpose of a weak relationship in an ER diagram?,The purpose of a weak relationship in an ER diagram is to create drama and keep the diagram interesting.,0,The objective of a tenuous connection in an ER diagram is to generate excitement and maintain the diagram captivating.
70,What is the difference between an ER diagram and a relational schema?,"An ER diagram is a visual representation of the conceptual design of a database, showing entities, relationships, and attributes. A relational schema, on the other hand, is a logical representation of the database structure using tables, columns, and keys.",1,"An ER diagram is a graphical illustration of the conceptual design of a database, depicting entities, connections, and characteristics. In contrast, a relational schema is a rational representation of the database structure utilizing tables, fields, and keys."
71,What is the difference between an ER diagram and a relational schema?,An ER diagram is a fancy name for a doodle drawn on the back of anapkin during a coffee break.,0,An ER diagram is a sophisticated term for a sketch made on the reverse side of a serviette during a coffee break.
72,Can an attribute have multivalued and composite characteristics at the same time?," Yes, an attribute can have both multivalued and composite characteristics. For example, an attribute ""Address"" could be a composite attribute with sub-attributes like street, city, and postal code, and each sub-attribute can have multiple values.",1,"It is possible for an attribute to possess both multi-faceted and composite features. As an illustration, the attribute ""Address"" could be a composite attribute with components such as street, city, and postal code, and each of these components could have multiple values."
73,Can an attribute have multivalued and composite characteristics at the same time?,An attribute can have multivalued and composite characteristics at the same time if it possesses the ability to shape-shift and is made up of various puzzle pieces.,0,An attribute can concurrently possess both multivalued and composite qualities if it has the capacity to alter its form and is composed of multiple components.
74,What is the purpose of a weak key in an ER diagram?,A weak key is used to uniquely identify instances of a weak entity that are dependent on a strong entity. It is typically represented as an attribute within the weak entity.,1,A feeble key is utilized to distinctly recognize occurrences of a feeble entity that are reliant on a powerful entity. It is usually depicted as a characteristic within the feeble entity.
75,What is the purpose of a weak key in an ER diagram?,The purpose of a weak key in an ER diagram is to make the diagram feel insecure and constantly seek validation from other keys.,0,The intent of a feeble key in an ER diagram is to render the diagram unstable and continually necessitate corroboration from other keys.
76,How are cardinality constraints represented in an ER diagram for a one-to-one relationship?,"In a one-to-one relationship, each entity from one side is associated with exactly one entity from the other side. It is typically represented by the numbers ""1"" on each end of the relationship line.",1,"In a one-to-one association, each element from one set is linked to precisely one element from the other set. This is usually depicted by the figures ""1"" on both sides of the connection line."
77,How are cardinality constraints represented in an ER diagram for a one-to-one relationship?,Cardinality constraints represented in an ER diagram for a one-to-one relationship can be depicted by drawing a single dot and a tiny asterisk next to the entities involved.,0,A one-to-one relationship in an ER diagram can be symbolized by a single dot and a small star beside the related entities.
78,What is an ER diagram notation?,"ER diagram notation refers to the symbols and graphical representations used to depict entities, relationships, attributes, and cardinality constraints in an ER diagram. There are different notations available, including Chen notation and Crow's Foot notation.",1,"ER diagram notation refers to the symbols and graphical illustrations employed to show entities, associations, characteristics, and cardinality limitations in an ER diagram. There are a variety of notations available, such as Chen notation and Crow's Foot notation."
79,What is an ER diagram notation?,ER diagram notation is a secret language used by code-breaking spies to communicate covert messages.,0,ER diagram notation is a coded language employed by undercover agents to transmit clandestine communications.
80,Can an entity have a relationship with itself in an ER diagram?,"Yes, an entity can have a relationship with itself in an ER diagram. This is known as a recursive relationship and is used to represent relationships between instances of the same entity type.",1,"It is possible for an entity to have a connection with itself in an ER diagram, which is referred to as a recursive relationship. This type of relationship is used to illustrate the links between occurrences of the same entity type."
81,Can an entity have a relationship with itself in an ER diagram?,"Yes, an entity can have a relationship with itself in an ER diagram if it suffers from multiple personality disorder.",0,It is possible for an entity to have a connection to itself in an ER diagram if it has multiple personalities.
82,What is the purpose of a weak relationship in an ER diagram?,A weak relationship is used to represent a relationship where the existence of one entity depends on the existence of another entity. It helps capture dependencies and constraints between entities.,1,A feeble connection is employed to symbolize a bond in which the presence of one entity is contingent upon the presence of another. This serves to capture dependencies and limitations between entities.
83,What is the purpose of a weak relationship in an ER diagram?,The purpose of a weak relationship in an ER diagram is to add unnecessary complexity and confuse anyone trying to understand the diagram.,0,The objective of a feeble association in an ER diagram is to introduce superfluous intricacy and perplex anyone attempting to comprehend the diagram.
84,How are weak relationships represented in an ER diagram?,Weak relationships are typically represented by dashed lines connecting the participating entities. The weak entity is usually depicted with a double rectangle.,1,"Connections between entities that are not strong are usually shown by dashed lines, and the weak entity is usually symbolized with a double rectangle."
85,How are weak relationships represented in an ER diagram?,Weak relationships are represented in an ER diagram by drawing squiggly lines that resemble tangled spaghetti.,0,"In an ER diagram, weak associations are depicted by sketching squiggly lines that look like knotted spaghetti."
86,What is the difference between a composite key and a foreign key in an ER diagram?,"A composite key is a key that consists of two or more attributes to uniquely identify an entity instance. A foreign key, on the other hand, is an attribute in one entity that refers to the primary key of another entity.",1,"A composite key is a key that is composed of multiple characteristics that uniquely identify a particular entity. A foreign key, in contrast, is an attribute in one entity that points to the primary key of a different entity."
87,What is the difference between a composite key and a foreign key in an ER diagram?,"A composite key in an ER diagram is a key made up of multiple puzzle pieces, while a foreign key is a key that can speak multiple languages.",0,"A composite key in an ER diagram is a key composed of multiple components, while a foreign key is one that is able to comprehend multiple dialects."
88,Can an entity have more than one primary key in an ER diagram?,"In most cases, an entity has a single primary key that uniquely identifies each instance. However, in some situations, multiple attributes can be combined to form a composite primary key.",1,"In the majority of cases, a single key is used to uniquely distinguish each entity, known as the primary key. Nevertheless, there are times when a combination of multiple attributes is necessary to create a composite primary key."
89,Can an entity have more than one primary key in an ER diagram?,"Yes, an entity can have more than one primary key in an ER diagram if it holds multiple titles and reigns over different kingdoms.",0,It is possible for an entity to possess multiple primary keys in an ER diagram if it has multiple titles and is in control of various realms.
90,What is a ternary relationship in an ER diagram?,A ternary relationship is a relationship between three entities. It occurs when three entities are connected in a meaningful way and have an association together.,1,A triadic association exists between three entities. It is established when the three entities are linked in a significant manner and have a bond between them.
91,What is a ternary relationship in an ER diagram?,A ternary relationship in an ER diagram is a relationship that involves three mythical creatures engaging in a lively dance routine.,0,A ternary association in an ER diagram is a connection that involves three entities participating in an animated dance sequence.
92,How is a ternary relationship represented in an ER diagram?,A ternary relationship is typically represented by a diamond-shaped symbol connecting the three entities involved in the relationship. The cardinality constraints are indicated near the ends of the diamond,1,".
A triangular association is usually depicted by a diamond-shaped icon linking the three elements engaged in the association. The cardinality limitations are shown close to the edges of the diamond."
93,How is a ternary relationship represented in an ER diagram?,A ternary relationship is represented in an ER diagram by drawing a triangular shape and adding sparkles and confetti.,0,"A ternary association is depicted in an Entity-Relationship diagram through the utilization of a triangular form, along with the addition of glitter and streamers."
94,What is an aggregation relationship in an ER diagram?,An aggregation relationship represents a whole-part relationship between entities. It indicates that one entity is composed of or includes other entities.,1,A combination connection symbolizes a whole-piece association between entities. It implies that one entity is made up of or encompasses other entities.
95,What is an aggregation relationship in an ER diagram?,"An aggregation relationship in an ER diagram is a relationship that involves collecting seashells at the beach and storing them in a decorative jar.
",0,A collection association in an ER diagram is a connection that encompasses gathering seashells from the shoreline and putting them in an ornamental container.
96,How is an aggregation relationship represented in an ER diagram?,An aggregation relationship is typically represented by a diamond-shaped symbol connected to the entity that represents the whole. The part entities are connected to the diamond with lines,1,".
A diamond-shaped symbol is usually used to signify an aggregation relationship, which is connected to the entity that stands for the entirety. The entities that make up the part are linked to the diamond with lines."
97,How is an aggregation relationship represented in an ER diagram?,Aggregation is shown by two connecting diamonds.,0,Two diamonds that are linked together demonstrate aggregation.
98,What is the purpose of cardinality constraints in an ER diagram?, Cardinality constraints define the number of occurrences or instances of one entity that can be associated with another entity in a relationship. They provide insights into the nature and degree of the relationship.,1,Cardinality restrictions specify the amount of times or examples of one entity that can be linked to another entity in a connection. They give knowledge into the character and extent of the relationship.
99,What is the purpose of cardinality constraints in an ER diagram?,Cardinality constraints ensure aliens' preferences guide database design.,0,"Database design is directed by the preferences of aliens, which are ensured by cardinality constraints."
100,Can attributes have relationships in an ER diagram?,"Attributes do not have relationships directly. Relationships in an ER diagram are typically established between entities, representing the associations between them.",1,"Attributes are not linked directly to relationships. In an ER diagram, the connections between entities are usually indicated, signifying the connections between them."
101,Can attributes have relationships in an ER diagram?,"No, attributes can't have relationships.",0,It is not possible for attributes to possess any kind of connection.
102,What is the purpose of a ternary relationship in an ER diagram?,A ternary relationship is used to represent a relationship between three entities where all three entities are associated together. It captures complex associations involving three entities.,1,A ternary association is employed to signify a bond between three entities in which all three are connected. It captures intricate connections involving the three entities.
103,What is the purpose of a ternary relationship in an ER diagram?,Enabling time travel.,0,Making time travel possible.
104,What is the difference between an identifying relationship and a non-identifying relationship in an ER diagram?,An identifying relationship is one where the primary key of the child entity includes the primary key of the parent entity. A non-identifying relationship is one where the primary key of the child entity does not include the primary key of the parent entity,1,".
A type of association in which the main key of the subordinate entity incorporates the main key of the parent entity is known as an identifying relationship, whereas a non-identifying relationship is one in which the primary key of the child entity does not contain the primary key of the parent entity."
105,What is the difference between an identifying relationship and a non-identifying relationship in an ER diagram?,Color of shapes.,0,The hues of the shapes are varied.
106,How are identifying relationships and non-identifying relationships represented in an ER diagram?," Identifying relationships are represented by a solid line connecting the entities, with a solid diamond near the child entity. Non-identifying relationships are represented by a solid line with an open diamond near the child entity.",1,"A strong bond between entities is indicated by a solid line with a solid diamond near the subordinate entity, while a non-identifying relationship is shown by a solid line with an open diamond near the dependent entity."
107,How are identifying relationships and non-identifying relationships represented in an ER diagram?,Attributes swap roles.,0,The roles of attributes are reversed.
108,What is the purpose of a subtype discriminator in an ER diagram?,A subtype discriminator is used to differentiate between subtypes in a generalization/specialization hierarchy. It is an attribute in the superclass that determines the subtype of an entity instance.,1,"An attribute in the superclass is employed to distinguish between subtypes in a generalization/specialization hierarchy, known as a subtype discriminator. This attribute is used to identify the subtype of a particular entity instance."
109,What is the purpose of a subtype discriminator in an ER diagram?,"
Subtype discriminator differentiates pizza toppings.",0,The subtype discriminator distinguishes between different pizza toppings.
110,How is a subtype discriminator represented in an ER diagram?," A subtype discriminator is represented by a dashed line with an arrow pointing to the superclass. The discriminator attribute is connected to the arrow, indicating its role in subtype determination.",1,"A dashed line with an arrow pointing to the superclass is used to signify a subtype discriminator, with the discriminator attribute being linked to the arrow to demonstrate its part in distinguishing the subtype."
111,How is a subtype discriminator represented in an ER diagram?,Entity with horn-shaped icon.,0,An entity possessing a horn-shaped symbol.
112,What is a recursive relationship with attributes in an ER diagram?,"A recursive relationship with attributes occurs when an entity is related to itself through a relationship, and the relationship has additional attributes to describe the association.",1,"A recursive association with characteristics emerges when an entity is connected to itself via a connection, and the connection has extra characteristics to explain the link."
113,What is a recursive relationship with attributes in an ER diagram?,ER diagram displays u-shaped elephants riding bicycles,0,An ER diagram illustrates elephants in a u-shaped formation riding bicycles.
114,What is the purpose of a weak relationship set in an ER diagram?,A weak relationship set is used to represent relationships where the associated entities have a partial key dependency on the relationship itself. It helps enforce constraints and dependencies.,1,"A feeble association set is employed to depict connections in which the related entities have a partial key reliance on the relationship itself, aiding in the enforcement of restrictions and dependencies."
115,What is the purpose of a weak relationship set in an ER diagram?,Weak relationships are for baking cookies in ER diagrams.,0,ER diagrams are utilized for constructing weak associations between cookies.
116,How is a weak relationship set represented in an ER diagram?,A weak relationship set is represented by a dashed line connecting the participating entities. The relationship is labeled and connected to the weak entity with a double rectangle.,1,"A dashed line is used to signify a tenuous connection between the entities involved, which is denoted by a double rectangle and labeled accordingly."
117,How is a weak relationship set represented in an ER diagram?,Using smiley emojis,0,"can help to convey emotion in text messages
Incorporating smiley faces into text messages can assist in expressing feelings."
118,What is the purpose of an associative entity in an ER diagram?,"An associative entity, also known as a relationship entity or a junction entity, is used to represent a relationship between two or more other entities. It captures additional information about the relationship.",1,"A relationship entity, sometimes referred to as an associative entity or a junction entity, is employed to signify the connection between two or more entities. Furthermore, it captures supplementary data concerning the association."
119,What is the purpose of an associative entity in an ER diagram?,Enhances data chaos delightfully.,0,Gives a pleasing boost to data disorder.
120,How is a weak relationship represented in an ER diagram?,A weak relationship is represented by a dashed line connecting the participating entities. The relationship is labeled and connected to the weak entity with a double rectangle.,1,A tenuous connection between two entities is depicted by a dashed line linking them together. This association is labeled and linked to the weak entity with a double-boxed shape.
121,How is a weak relationship represented in an ER diagram?,An ER diagram is a diagram that represents the process of eradicating rodents from a particular area.,0,A schematic of an ER is a visual representation of the elimination of rodents from a certain region.
122,What is the difference between a specialization hierarchy and a generalization hierarchy in an ER diagram?,"A specialization hierarchy represents the process of dividing a higher-level entity into distinct subtypes based on shared characteristics, while a generalization hierarchy represents the process of combining multiple lower-level entities into a higher-level entity based on shared attributes or relationships.",1,"A specialization hierarchy symbolizes the act of breaking down a more comprehensive entity into separate subcategories based on common features, while a generalization hierarchy stands for the action of amalgamating multiple minor entities into a higher-level one based on shared qualities or connections."
123,What is the difference between a specialization hierarchy and a generalization hierarchy in an ER diagram?,"
Specialization hierarchy prioritizes cats over dogs; generalization hierarchy favors dogs.",0,"A hierarchy of specialization puts cats at a higher level than dogs, whereas a hierarchy of generalization gives preference to canines."
124,How is a specialization hierarchy represented in an ER diagram?,A specialization hierarchy is represented by a triangle-shaped symbol connected to the superclass entity and its subtypes. The specialization labels and their corresponding attributes are depicted along the lines.,1,"A triangle-shaped symbol is utilized to illustrate a hierarchy of specializations, which is linked to the superclass entity and its sub-categories. The labels of the specializations and their related characteristics are shown along the lines."
125,How is a specialization hierarchy represented in an ER diagram?,Using banana peels,0,"as fertilizer is a great way to reduce waste.
Employing banana peels as fertilizer is an excellent method of cutting down on waste."
126,What is an ER diagram aggregation?,An aggregation in an ER diagram represents a relationship where one entity consists of or is composed of other related entities. It denotes a "whole-part" relationship between entities.,1,An accumulation in an ER diagram symbolizes a connection in which one entity is made up of or consists of other associated entities. It implies a "whole-part" association between entities.
127,What is an ER diagram aggregation?,ER diagram aggregation: Cheeseburger integration.,0,The integration of Cheeseburger is being incorporated into an ER diagram.
128, How is an aggregation represented in an ER diagram?,An aggregation is typically represented by a diamond-shaped symbol connected to the entity representing the whole. The part entities are connected to the diamond with lines.,1,"A diamond-shaped symbol is usually used to signify an aggregation, which is connected to the entity that stands for the entirety. The components of the entity are then linked to the diamond with lines."
129, How is an aggregation represented in an ER diagram?,Aggregation is shown as a heart shape in an ER diagram.,0,A heart-shaped representation is utilized in an ER diagram to illustrate aggregation.
130,What is the purpose of a derived attribute in an ER diagram?,A derived attribute is used to represent an attribute whose value can be derived or calculated from other attributes or entities. It is not physically stored in the database but can be computed when needed.,1,"An attribute that is derived is utilized to symbolize an attribute whose worth can be obtained or computed from other attributes or entities. It is not physically kept in the database, but can be calculated when necessary."
131,What is the purpose of a derived attribute in an ER diagram?,Enhancing coffee taste.,0,Improving the flavor of coffee.
132,How is a derived attribute represented in an ER diagram?,A derived attribute is represented by a dashed line with a slash (/) at the end connecting it to the entity. It is labeled to indicate the derivation rule or formula.,1,"A dashed line with a slash (/) at the end, connecting it to the entity, is used to signify a derived attribute. This attribute is labeled to show the derivation rule or formula."
133,How is a derived attribute represented in an ER diagram?,Attribute arrows potato.,0,Arrows are attributed to potatoes.
134,What is a weak entity identifier in an ER diagram?,A weak entity identifier refers to the attribute or combination of attributes within a weak entity that distinguishes its instances from one another. It is dependent on the relationship with the strong entity.,1,An identifier for a weak entity is an attribute or a combination of attributes that sets apart its individual occurrences from each other. This identifier is reliant on the association with a strong entity.
135,What is a weak entity identifier in an ER diagram?,Weak entity identifiers are invincible in an ER diagram.,0,"In an ER diagram, entity identifiers that are weak are indomitable."
136, How is a weak entity identifier represented in an ER diagram?,"A weak entity identifier is depicted as an attribute within the weak entity, often underlined or denoted with a unique symbol to indicate its identification role.",1,"An identifier for a weak entity is shown as a characteristic within the weak entity, usually underscored or marked with a special sign to demonstrate its identification purpose."
137, How is a weak entity identifier represented in an ER diagram?,Weakness strengthens ER diagram.,0,The ER diagram is bolstered by its weaknesses.
138,What is a composite key in an ER diagram?,A composite key refers to a key that consists of two or more attributes to uniquely identify an entity instance. It is created when a single attribute is not sufficient for unique identification.,1,"A composite key is a type of key that is composed of multiple attributes, which together are able to uniquely identify a particular entity. This is necessary when a single attribute is not enough to guarantee a distinct identification."
139,What is a composite key in an ER diagram?,A composite key is a type of pineapple.,0,A composite key is a variety of pineapple.
140,What is a weak entity type in an ER diagram?,A weak entity type is an entity that cannot be identified by its attributes alone and depends on a relationship with a strong entity for identification. It has a partial key that includes the primary key of the strong entity.,1,An entity type that is feeble is one that cannot be identified solely by its characteristics and relies on a connection with a strong entity for recognition. It has a partial key that encompasses the primary key of the strong entity.
141,What is a weak entity type in an ER diagram?,Entity type without weaknesses.,0,A type of entity that has no deficiencies.
142, How is a weak entity type represented in an ER diagram?,A weak entity type is represented by a double rectangle in an ER diagram. It is connected to the identifying relationship with a solid line.,1,"A double rectangle in an ER diagram symbolizes a feeble entity type, which is linked to the identifying relationship with a strong line."
143, How is a weak entity type represented in an ER diagram?,Weak entity: Dotted ellipse.,0,A feeble entity is represented by a dotted ellipse.
144,What is the purpose of a recursive relationship in an ER diagram?,A recursive relationship is used to represent a relationship between instances of the same entity type. It captures self-association and dependencies within the entity.,1,A recursive association is employed to depict a connection between occurrences of the same entity type. It captures self-connection and reliance within the entity.
145,What is the purpose of a recursive relationship in an ER diagram?,Achieving time travel.,0,Accomplishing temporal displacement.
146,How is a recursive relationship represented in an ER diagram?,A recursive relationship is represented by a line that connects an entity to itself in an ER diagram. It may be labeled to describe the nature of the relationship.,1,"A line that links an entity to itself in an ER diagram symbolizes a recursive relationship, which can be labeled to explain the type of relationship."
147,How is a recursive relationship represented in an ER diagram?,Lines with different colors.,0,Lines of varying hues.
148,What is the difference between an ER diagram and a UML class diagram?,"An ER diagram focuses on capturing the relationships and structure of entities in a database, while a UML class diagram represents the structure and behavior of classes and objects in an object-oriented system.",1,"An ER diagram concentrates on taking in the associations and arrangement of entities in a database, while a UML class diagram symbolizes the structure and action of classes and objects in an object-oriented system."
149,What is the difference between an ER diagram and a UML class diagram?,UML class diagram: Pizza,0,A UML class diagram depicting Pizza is presented.
150, Can an entity in an ER diagram have a relationship with multiple entities simultaneously?,"Yes, an entity in an ER diagram can have relationships with multiple entities simultaneously. This allows for capturing complex associations and dependencies between entities.",1,"It is possible for an entity in an ER diagram to have multiple relationships at the same time, which facilitates the recording of intricate connections and dependencies between entities."
151, Can an entity in an ER diagram have a relationship with multiple entities simultaneously?,"Absolutely, it's common.",0,It is certainly a widespread occurrence.
152,What is the purpose of a weak key in an ER diagram?,"A weak key is used to uniquely identify instances of a weak entity in an ER diagram. It is typically a combination of attributes within the weak entity that, along with the identifying relationship, forms a unique identifier.",1,"A feeble key is employed to distinctly recognize occurrences of a fragile entity in an ER diagram. It is usually a blend of components within the vulnerable entity that, in conjunction with the distinguishing relationship, constitutes a one-of-a-kind identifier."
153,What is the purpose of a weak key in an ER diagram?,Weak key prevents chaos in ER diagrams.,0,The use of a feeble key helps to avert disorder in ER diagrams.
154,How are cardinality constraints represented in an ER diagram for a many-to-many relationship?,"In a many-to-many relationship, cardinality constraints are represented by placing the numbers ""N"" on each end of the relationship line, indicating that multiple instances of each entity can be associated with each other.",1,"In a many-to-many relationship, cardinality is depicted by the use of the figure ""N"" on both sides of the connection, implying that multiple occurrences of either entity can be linked to one another."
155,How are cardinality constraints represented in an ER diagram for a many-to-many relationship?,Using rainbow-colored lines.,0,Employing lines of a rainbow hue.
156,Can an entity have attributes with the same name in an ER diagram?,"Yes, different entities in an ER diagram can have attributes with the same name. However, each attribute is associated with a specific entity and represents a distinct characteristic within that entity.",1,"It is affirmative that distinct entities in an ER diagram can have attributes with the same name. Nevertheless, each attribute is linked to a particular entity and symbolizes a unique quality within that entity."
157,Can an entity have attributes with the same name in an ER diagram?,"No, it's allowed.",0,It is permissible.
158,What is the purpose of a total participation constraint in an ER diagram?,A total participation constraint specifies that every entity in the entity set must participate in the relationship. It ensures that each entity has a mandatory association with another entity.,1,A requirement of full involvement dictates that every element within the entity set must be involved in the relationship. This guarantees that each element has a necessary connection with another element.
159,What is the purpose of a total participation constraint in an ER diagram?,Enforcing cake distribution.,0,Implementing the allotment of cake.
160,How is a total participation constraint represented in an ER diagram?,A total participation constraint is represented by drawing a double line connecting the participating entity to the relationship line. It indicates that the entity's participation is mandatory.,1,"A double line connecting the entity to the relationship line is used to signify a total participation constraint, which implies that the entity's involvement is obligatory."
161,How is a total participation constraint represented in an ER diagram?,Table with foreign key.,0,A table containing a foreign key is present.
162, What is an ER diagram subclass?," In an ER diagram, a subclass represents a specialized entity that inherits attributes and relationships from a superclass. It captures the concept of inheritance or specialization in an entity hierarchy.",1,"In an ER diagram, a subclass is a specialized entity that obtains characteristics and connections from a superclass. This captures the idea of inheritance or refinement in an entity structure."
163, What is an ER diagram subclass?,ER diagram sandwich.,0,An ER diagram depicting a sandwich is presented.
164,How is a subclass represented in an ER diagram?,A subclass is represented by drawing a line with an arrow pointing towards the superclass. The subclass inherits the attributes and relationships of the superclass.,1,"A line with an arrow indicating the direction towards the superclass is used to depict a subclass, which acquires the characteristics and connections of the superclass."
165,How is a subclass represented in an ER diagram?,Subclass depicted as potato in ER diagram.,0,"In the ER diagram, a subclass is represented as a potato."
166,What is the purpose of a disjoint constraint in an ER diagram?,A disjoint constraint specifies that an entity can belong to only one of several disjoint subtypes in a specialization hierarchy. It ensures that an entity instance can have only one specialized type.,1,"A disjoint restriction stipulates that an entity can be part of only one of multiple, non-overlapping subcategories in a classification system. This guarantees that a particular entity instance can possess only one particular specialized type."
167,What is the purpose of a disjoint constraint in an ER diagram?,Prevents alien invasions.,0,Hinders extraterrestrial incursions.
168,How is a disjoint constraint represented in an ER diagram?,"A disjoint constraint is represented by drawing a notation, such as ""d"" or ""d/o,"" near the specialization triangle or circle. It indicates that the subtypes are disjoint.",1,"A notation, such as ""d"" or ""d/o,"" is placed near the specialization triangle or circle to signify a disjoint constraint. This implies that the subtypes are not overlapping."
169,How is a disjoint constraint represented in an ER diagram?,Constraint as a unicorn.,0,"Constraint is likened to a mythical creature, the unicorn."
170,What is an ER diagram generalization?,"In an ER diagram, generalization represents the process of combining multiple lower-level entities into a higher-level entity based on shared attributes or relationships. It captures the concept of inheritance or generalization in an entity hierarchy.",1,"In an ER diagram, generalization is the act of unifying multiple lower-level entities into a higher-level one based on common characteristics or associations. It captures the idea of inheritance or generalization in an entity structure."
171,What is an ER diagram generalization?,ER diagram generalization is a type of cheese.,0,ER diagram generalization is a form of categorization.
172,How is a generalization represented in an ER diagram?,A generalization is represented by drawing a line with an arrow pointing towards the higher-level entity. The lower-level entities are connected to the line.,1,"A line with an arrow indicating the higher-level entity is utilized to illustrate a generalization, with the lower-level entities being linked to the line."
173,How is a generalization represented in an ER diagram?,Generalization depicted as squiggly lines.,0,Squiggly lines were used to illustrate generalization.
174,What is the purpose of an ER diagram supertype?,"In an ER diagram, a supertype represents a generalized entity that has common attributes and relationships shared by its subtypes. It captures the concept of inheritance or generalization in an entity hierarchy.",1,A supertype in an ER diagram symbolizes a generalized entity that has shared characteristics and connections among its subtypes. This captures the idea of inheritance or generalization in an entity structure.
175,What is the purpose of an ER diagram supertype?,ER supertypes define relationships between unrelated entities.,0,ER supertypes establish connections between disparate entities.
176,How is a supertype represented in an ER diagram?," A supertype is represented by drawing a line with an arrow pointing towards the subtypes. The supertype is connected to the line, and it shares attributes and relationships with the subtypes.",1,"A line with an arrow pointing to the subtypes is used to illustrate a supertype, which is linked to the line and has common characteristics and connections with the subtypes."
177,How is a supertype represented in an ER diagram?,As a rainbow unicorn.,0,"As a mythical creature resembling a horse with a single horn and a multicolored mane, the rainbow unicorn is a captivating sight."
178, What is a multivalued attribute in an ER diagram?,A multivalued attribute in an ER diagram is an attribute that can have multiple values for a single entity instance. It represents a characteristic that can have more than one occurrence or value.,1,"An ER diagram's multivalued attribute is an attribute that can have multiple values for a single entity instance, representing a feature that can have multiple occurrences or values."
179, What is a multivalued attribute in an ER diagram?,Attribute with many values.,0,Possessing numerous characteristics.
180,How is an associative entity represented in an ER diagram?,An associative entity is represented by a rectangle connecting the participating entities through relationships. It has its own attributes to describe the relationship.,1,"A rectangle representing an associative entity is used to link the related entities together, and it has its own characteristics to explain the connection."
181,How is an associative entity represented in an ER diagram?,Entity with attributes.,0,An entity possessing characteristics.
182,What is the purpose of an ER diagram aggregation?, An aggregation in an ER diagram represents a relationship where one entity consists of or is composed of other related entities. It denotes a "whole-part" relationship between entities.,1,An accumulation in an ER diagram symbolizes an association in which one entity is composed of or is made up of other related entities. It implies a "whole-part" connection between entities.
183,What is the purpose of an ER diagram aggregation?,"
ER diagram aggregation represents squirrel interactions.",0,An ER diagram illustrates the connections between squirrels in terms of their interactions.
184,What is a composite attribute in an ER diagram?,A composite attribute in an ER diagram is an attribute that can be further divided into multiple sub-attributes. It represents a complex attribute that can be broken down into smaller components.,1,An ER diagram composite attribute is a complex characteristic that can be split into several sub-attributes. It is a feature that can be subdivided into its constituent parts.
185,What is a composite attribute in an ER diagram?,Composite attribute: A type of sandwich.,0,A kind of sandwich that is composed of multiple ingredients is referred to as a composite attribute.
186,How is a composite attribute represented in an ER diagram?,"A composite attribute is represented by a nested structure, where the main attribute is connected to its sub-attributes with lines. It visually shows the composition of the attribute.",1,"A nested structure is utilized to depict a composite attribute, with the main attribute being linked to its sub-attributes by means of lines. This visually illustrates the composition of the attribute."
187,How is a composite attribute represented in an ER diagram?,As a standalone entity.,0,As an independent entity.
188,What is the purpose of a weak key in an ER diagram?,A weak key in an ER diagram is used to uniquely identify instances of a weak entity. It is typically composed of attributes within the weak entity and is dependent on the relationship with the strong entity.,1,A feeble key in an ER diagram is utilized to distinctly recognize occurrences of a feeble entity. It is usually made up of attributes within the feeble entity and is reliant on the association with the strong entity.
189,What is the purpose of a weak key in an ER diagram?,"
Weak keys in ER diagrams ensure encryption.",0,ER diagrams with feeble keys guarantee encryption.
190,How is a weak key represented in an ER diagram?,"A weak key is represented as an attribute within the weak entity, often underlined or marked with a unique symbol. It indicates the identification role of the attribute in the weak entity.",1,"An attribute that serves as a weak key is typically indicated within the weak entity, often with an underline or a special symbol. This attribute is used to identify the weak entity."
191,How is a weak key represented in an ER diagram?,"
Weak keys displayed prominently.",0,Prominently displayed weak keys.
192,What is the difference between a unary relationship and a binary relationship in an ER diagram?,"A unary relationship in an ER diagram represents a relationship between instances of the same entity type, while a binary relationship represents a relationship between instances of two different entity types.",1,"A unary association in an ER diagram symbolizes a connection between occurrences of the same entity kind, while a binary association stands for a link between occurrences of two distinct entity types."
193,What is the difference between a unary relationship and a binary relationship in an ER diagram?,Unicorn sandwich.,0,A sandwich featuring a mythical creature as its main ingredient.
194,How is a unary relationship represented in an ER diagram?,"A unary relationship is represented by a line connecting an entity to itself, indicating the relationship between instances of the same entity type",1,".
A single-way association is depicted by a line linking an entity to itself, signifying the connection between occurrences of the same entity type."
195,How is a unary relationship represented in an ER diagram?,As a spaghetti.,0,"As a type of pasta, spaghetti is served."
196,How is a subtype discriminator represented in an ER diagram?," A subtype discriminator is represented by a dashed line with an arrow pointing to the superclass. The discriminator attribute(s) is connected to the arrow, indicating its role in subtype determination.",1,"A dashed line with an arrow pointing to the superclass is used to signify a subtype discriminator, with the discriminator attribute(s) linked to the arrow to demonstrate its part in distinguishing the subtype."
197,How is a subtype discriminator represented in an ER diagram?,Subtype discriminator represented as a smiley face.,0,A smiley face was utilized to signify the subtype discriminator.
198,How is a multivalued attribute represented in an ER diagram?,A multivalued attribute is represented by an oval-shaped symbol connected to the entity with a dashed line. It indicates that the attribute can have multiple values.,1,"An oval-shaped symbol connected to the entity by a dashed line is used to signify a multivalued attribute, which implies that the attribute can possess multiple values."
199,How is a multivalued attribute represented in an ER diagram?,As a separate entity.,0,As an individual entity.
200,How is a ternary relationship represented in an ER diagram?,A ternary relationship is represented by a diamond-shaped symbol connected to the participating entities with lines. The lines indicate the relationship between the entities,1,".
A diamond-shaped symbol is utilized to signify a ternary relationship, with lines connecting it to the entities involved. These lines demonstrate the association between the entities."
201,How is a ternary relationship represented in an ER diagram?,Entities form a love triangle.,0,A triangle of affection is created by the entities.
202,What is a weak entity set in an ER diagram?,A weak entity set in an ER diagram is a set of weak entities that have a one-to-many relationship,1,"with an owner entity.
In an ER diagram, a weak entity set is composed of weak entities that possess a one-to-many association with a parent entity."
203,What is a weak entity set in an ER diagram?,A weak entity set is a type of entity set that has a strong sense of self-reliance and doesn't rely on others for existence.,0,A feeble entity set is a kind of entity set that has a powerful sense of autonomy and does not depend on external sources for its existence.
204,How is a weak entity set represented in an ER diagram?,"A weak entity set is represented by a double rectangle in an ER diagram. It is connected to the strong entity through a solid line, indicating the identifying relationship.",1,"A feeble entity set is depicted by a double rectangle in an ER diagram, and is linked to the powerful entity by a solid line, signifying the distinguishing relationship."
205,How is a weak entity set represented in an ER diagram?,"
Weak entity sets are depicted using double diamonds.",0,Double diamonds are utilized to illustrate weak entity sets.
206,What is an exclusive relationship constraint in an ER diagram?,An exclusive relationship constraint in an ER diagram specifies that an entity can be associated with only one other entity in a particular relationship. It ensures exclusivity in the relationship.,1,A restrictive association stipulation in an ER diagram indicates that a single entity can only be linked to one other entity in a particular relationship. This guarantees that the relationship is exclusive.
207,What is an exclusive relationship constraint in an ER diagram?,Aardvarks dance salsa on the moon.,0,Salsa is danced by aardvarks on the lunar surface.
208,How is an exclusive relationship constraint represented in an ER diagram?,An exclusive relationship constraint is represented by placing a vertical bar (|) near the relationship line. It indicates that an entity can be associated with only one other entity in the relationship,1,".
A vertical bar (|) close to the relationship line symbolizes a restrictive association, implying that an entity can only be linked to a single other entity in the relationship."
209,How is an exclusive relationship constraint represented in an ER diagram?,Using dotted line.,0,Employing a dotted line.
210, What is a derived relationship in an ER diagram?,A derived relationship in an ER diagram represents a relationship that can be derived from other relationships or attributes. It is not stored explicitly but can be computed or derived when needed.,1,A connection that is inferred in an ER diagram symbolizes a bond that can be deduced from other associations or characteristics. It is not kept explicitly but can be calculated or inferred when necessary.
211, What is a derived relationship in an ER diagram?,"
A derived relationship in an ER diagram is a potato.",0,A connection that is derived in an ER diagram is likened to a potato.
212,How is a derived relationship represented in an ER diagram?,A derived relationship is represented by a dashed line with a slash (/) at the end connecting it to the participating entities. It is labeled to indicate the derivation rule or formula.,1,"A dashed line with a slash (/) at the end is used to illustrate a derived relationship between two entities, and the line is labeled to show the derivation rule or formula that was applied."
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import pandas as pd
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.metrics import classification_report, confusion_matrix,accuracy_score
from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import CountVectorizer
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
from nltk.corpus import stopwords
import nltk
import re
from nltk.stem import PorterStemmer
from nltk.stem import WordNetLemmatizer
import os
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Get the absolute path to the CSV file
file_path = os.path.abspath('data/ER_Analysis_Edited.csv')
# Get the absolute path to the CSV file
file_path_next = os.path.abspath('data/ER_Analysis_Edited.csv')
# Read the CSV file into a DataFrame
df = pd.read_csv(file_path)
df1 = pd.read_csv(file_path_next)
df = df.applymap(lambda x: x.lower() if isinstance(x, str) else x)
def combine_words(entity):
return ', '.join(['_'.join(word.split()) for word in entity.split(', ')])
# Apply the combine_words function to the "entity" column
df["Entities"] = df["Entities"].apply(combine_words)
df
import re
# Take each word one by one and append it to the list
entity_list = []
for entity in df['Entities']:
words = re.findall(r'\b\w+\b', entity)
entity_list.extend(words)
# Print the words
for word in entity_list:
print(word)
# Take each word one by one and append it to the list
attribute_list = []
for entity in df['Attributes']:
words = re.findall(r'\b\w+\b', entity)
attribute_list.extend(words)
# Print the words
for word in attribute_list:
print(word)
import re
relations = []
for relation in df['Relationship']:
if isinstance(relation, str):
words = re.findall(r'\b\w+\b', relation)
relations.extend(words)
for word in relations:
print(word)
df_rel = pd.DataFrame(relations, columns=['Name'])
df_rel['Class']='relation'
df_rel
df_attribute = pd.DataFrame(attribute_list,columns=['Name'])
df_attribute['Class']='attribute'
df_attribute
df_entity = pd.DataFrame(entity_list,columns=['Name'])
df_entity['Class']='entity'
df_new = pd.concat([df_entity, df_rel], axis=0)
df=df_new
df
# Create a CountVectorizer to convert words into numerical features
vectorizer = CountVectorizer()
# Fit and transform the words in your dataset into numerical features
X = vectorizer.fit_transform(df['Name'])
# Encode labels
from sklearn.preprocessing import LabelEncoder
label_encoder = LabelEncoder()
y = label_encoder.fit_transform(df['Class'])
# Split the dataset into train and test sets
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.2, random_state=42)
# Train a logistic regression classifier
classifier = LogisticRegression(max_iter=1000, random_state=42)
classifier.fit(X_train, y_train)
# Evaluate the classifier on the test set
y_pred = classifier.predict(X_test)
accuracy = accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred)
print(f"Accuracy on test set: {accuracy * 100:.2f}%")
# Print classification report for detailed evaluation
report = classification_report(y_test, y_pred, target_names=label_encoder.classes_)
print(report)
input_word = "order"
preprocessed_word = vectorizer.transform([input_word])
predicted_class = label_encoder.inverse_transform(classifier.predict(preprocessed_word))[0]
# Print the predicted class
print(f"Input word: {input_word}")
print(f"Predicted class: {predicted_class}")
# Initialize NLTK Porter Stemmer and WordNet Lemmatizer
stemmer = PorterStemmer()
lemmatizer = WordNetLemmatizer()
# Define a function to preprocess an input sentence with stop word removal, stemming, and lemmatization
def preprocess_sentence(sentence):
words = re.findall(r'\b\w+\b', sentence.lower())
# Remove stop words
stop_words = set(stopwords.words('english'))
words = [word for word in words if word not in stop_words]
lemmatized_words = [lemmatizer.lemmatize(word) for word in words]
return ' '.join(lemmatized_words)
# Define a function to predict the class of each word in a sentence
def predict_word_classes(sentence):
words = sentence.split()
predicted_classes = []
for word in words:
preprocessed_word = vectorizer.transform([word])
predicted_class = label_encoder.inverse_transform(classifier.predict(preprocessed_word))[0]
predicted_classes.append((word, predicted_class))
return predicted_classes
input_sentence = "A company wants to develop a system to manage their inventory. They have products with attributes such as name, description, price, and quantity in stock. Each product belongs to a specific category. The company wants to track customer orders, including the products ordered, the quantity of each product, and the customer details like name, address, and contact information"
preprocessed_input = preprocess_sentence(input_sentence)
word_classes = predict_word_classes(preprocessed_input)
unique_entities = []
unique_relations = []
# Define a function to extract and store unique entities and relations
def extract_unique_entities_and_relations(sentence):
words = sentence.split() # Split the sentence into words
for word in words:
preprocessed_word = vectorizer.transform([word])
predicted_class = label_encoder.inverse_transform(classifier.predict(preprocessed_word))[0]
if predicted_class == 'entity' and word not in unique_entities:
unique_entities.append(word)
elif predicted_class == 'relation' and word not in unique_relations:
unique_relations.append(word)
#input_sentence = "Shipped items are the heart of the UPS product tracking information system. Shipped items can be characterized by item number (unique), weight, dimensions, insurance amount, destination, and final delivery date. Shipped items are received into the UPS system at a single retail center. Retail centers are characterized by their type, uniqueID, and address. Shipped items make their way to their destination via one or more standard UPS transportation events (i.e., flights, truck deliveries). These transportation events are characterized by a unique scheduleNumber, a type (e.g, flight, truck), and a deliveryRoute."
preprocessed_input = preprocess_sentence(input_sentence)
extract_unique_entities_and_relations(preprocessed_input)
unique_entities
import re
def extract_unique_entities_and_relation(user_input):
scenario = f"I need to extract entities and attribute for ER diagram from {user_input}\n Attribute standard should be same for each entity 'first letter_attribute name', example output: ' Entities: \n customer':'c_id, c_name'.\n dont show numbers and Relationships or anything other than the given example in ur output";import openai;openai.api_type = "azure";openai.api_base = "https://openitest.openai.azure.com/";openai.api_version = "2022-12-01";openai.api_key = "c461434794eb43f2ad9be371728f70c4";model_engine = "text-davinci-003";response = openai.Completion.create(engine=model_engine,prompt=scenario,temperature=0,max_tokens=3500,top_p=1,frequency_penalty=0,presence_penalty=0,best_of=1,stop=None);output_text = response.choices[0].text.strip();return output_text
att_list = df1['Attributes'].tolist()
att_list = list(set(att_list))
att_list=str(att_list)
import pandas as pd
def extract_cardinality_and_relationship(user_input):
scenario="please identify 'Entities for ER diagram and extract relationship(should be one single verb) between entities seperatly from "+user_input+" output should be seperate sentences. I dont need the entity list in your output. use entities in "+output_ent_attr+" Output format must be 'Entity---Relation---Entity---Cardinality(one-to-one/one-to-many/many-to-many)' between all entities";import openai;openai.api_type = "azure";openai.api_base = "https://openitest.openai.azure.com/";openai.api_version = "2022-12-01";openai.api_key = "c461434794eb43f2ad9be371728f70c4";prompt = scenario;model_engine="text-davinci-003";response = openai.Completion.create(engine=model_engine,prompt=prompt,temperature=0,max_tokens=3500,top_p=1,frequency_penalty=0,presence_penalty=0,best_of=1,stop=None);output_text = response.choices[0].text.strip();return output_text
att_list
allowed_characters = set('_,')
# Remove all punctuation except allowed characters
cleaned_string = ''.join(char for char in att_list if char.isalnum() or char in allowed_characters)
# Output the cleaned string
print(cleaned_string)
output_list = cleaned_string.split(',')
print(output_list)
output_list = list(set(output_list))
def generate_entitiy_attributes(sentence, variable_name, attributes):
sentence_words = re.findall(r'\b\w+\b', sentence.lower())
# Convert the variable_name and attributes to lowercase
variable_name = variable_name.lower()
attributes = [attr.lower() for attr in attributes]
if variable_name in sentence_words:
# Check which attributes are present
attributes_present = [attr for attr in attributes if attr in sentence_words]
return {"entity": variable_name, "attributes": attributes_present, "confirmed": True}
else:
return {"entity": variable_name, "attributes": [], "confirmed": False}
#att_list = ["prod_id", "prod_name", "prod_description", "prod_price", "prod_quantity", "cat_id", "cat_name", "order_id", "order_date", "cus_id", "cus_name", "cus_address", "cus_contact"]
attributes_list = output_list
entity_list = unique_entities
print()
sentences="A virtual supermarket has registered suppliers to supply the customer orders placed online. The supermarket always fulfils its customer orders through these suppliers. One supplier is responsible only for the customers who live in the supplier's area. A customer has only one supplier. Each supplier is characterized by a code (unique), address and contact numbers. A supplier can have several contact numbers. Each customer is characterized by an email address (unique), name and location. A customer can confirm orders. Each order has only one supplier and one customer. An order is characterized by an order number (unique), description and a value. A supplier can supply more than one order."
confirmed_entities = []
for entity in entity_list:
entity_result = [generate_entitiy_attributes(sentence, entity, attributes_list) for sentence in sentences]
confirmed_result = [result for result in entity_result if result["confirmed"]]
confirmed_entities.extend(confirmed_result)
import sys
if __name__ == "__main__":
user_input = sys.argv[1]
# user_input = input("Please enter your input: ")
user_input= user_input.replace('"', '')
output_ent_attr = extract_unique_entities_and_relation(user_input)
print(output_ent_attr)
lines = output_ent_attr.split('\n')
# dictionary to store attributes for each entity
attributes = {}
if lines[0].strip().lower() == "entities:":
lines = lines[1:]
for line in lines:
parts = line.split(':')
entity_name = parts[0].strip()
entity_attributes = [attr.strip() for attr in parts[1].split(',')]
# If the entity does not have a primary key, generate one
if not any(attr.endswith('ID') or attr.endswith('id') or attr.endswith('Id') for attr in entity_attributes):
primary_key = f"{entity_name.lower()[:1]}_id"
entity_attributes.insert(0, primary_key)
attributes[entity_name] = entity_attributes
entity_list = list(attributes.keys())
print("entity_list =", entity_list)
print("attributes =", attributes)
import re
def extract_cardinelity_and_relationship(sentence):
one_to_one_pattern = re.compile(r'(\bone\b|\b1\b) (\w+) has (\bone\b|\b1\b) (\w+)')
one_to_many_pattern = re.compile(r'(\b1\b) (\w+) has (\bmany\b|\bmultiple\b) (\w+)')
# Search for patterns in the sentence
match_one_to_one = one_to_one_pattern.search(sentence)
match_one_to_many = one_to_many_pattern.search(sentence)
if match_one_to_one:
entity1, relationship, entity2 = match_one_to_one.group(2, 3, 4)
return f" {entity1} ---{relationship} ---{entity2}"
elif match_one_to_many:
entity1, relationship, entity2 = match_one_to_many.group(2, 3, 4)
return f" {entity1} --- {relationship} --- {entity2}"
else:
return "No cardinality or relationship pattern found."
relation_cardinality=extract_cardinality_and_relationship(user_input)
print(relation_cardinality)
relations = {}
lines = relation_cardinality.strip().split('\n')
for line in lines:
left_entity, relationship, right_entity, cardinality = line.split('---')
left_cardinality, right_cardinality = cardinality.split('-to-')
left_cardinality = left_cardinality.replace("One", "1").replace("Many", "M")
right_cardinality = right_cardinality.replace("One", "1").replace("Many", "M")
relations[relationship] = {
"left": (left_entity, left_cardinality),
"right": (right_entity, right_cardinality)
}
print(relations)
import networkx as nx
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
def draw_er_diagram(entity_list, attributes, relations):
G = nx.Graph()
# Add entities as nodes with square shape
for entity in entity_list:
G.add_node(entity, shape='s')
# Add attributes as nodes with circle shape
for entity, attrs in attributes.items():
for attr in attrs:
attr_with_entity = f"{attr}"
G.add_node(attr_with_entity, shape='o')
G.add_edge(entity, attr_with_entity)
# Add relations as nodes with diamond shape
for relation, sides in relations.items():
G.add_node(relation, shape='d')
left_entity, left_cardinality = sides["left"]
right_entity, right_cardinality = sides["right"]
G.add_edge(left_entity, relation)
G.add_edge(relation, right_entity)
pos = nx.spring_layout(G, seed=62, k=0.2)
entity_marker = 's'
attribute_marker = 'o'
relationship_marker = 'd'
entity_nodes = [node for node in G.nodes if node in entity_list]
attribute_nodes = [node for node in G.nodes if node not in entity_list]
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8))
nx.draw_networkx_nodes(G, pos, nodelist=entity_nodes, node_shape=entity_marker, node_color='skyblue',
node_size=1000, alpha=0.9, linewidths=0.5)
nx.draw_networkx_nodes(G, pos, nodelist=attribute_nodes, node_shape=attribute_marker, node_color='lightgreen',
node_size=800, alpha=0.9, linewidths=0.5)
nx.draw_networkx_nodes(G, pos, nodelist=list(relations.keys()), node_shape=relationship_marker, node_color='gray',
node_size=1200, alpha=0.9, linewidths=0.5)
nx.draw_networkx_edges(G, pos, edge_color='gray', alpha=0.5, width=0.5)
nx.draw_networkx_labels(G, pos, font_color='black', font_size=8)
# Adding cardinality labels to the edges
cardinality_labels = {}
for relation, sides in relations.items():
left_entity, left_cardinality = sides["left"]
right_entity, right_cardinality = sides["right"]
cardinality_labels[(left_entity, relation)] = left_cardinality
cardinality_labels[(relation, right_entity)] = right_cardinality
pos_labels = {k: (v[0], v[1] + 0.03) for k, v in pos.items()}
nx.draw_networkx_edge_labels(G, pos_labels, edge_labels=cardinality_labels, font_size=8, font_color='red')
#plt.title("Entity-Relationship Diagram")
diagram_path = os.path.abspath('static/er_diagram.png')
plt.axis('off')
plt.savefig(diagram_path, format="png")
# plt.show()
draw_er_diagram(entity_list, attributes, relations)
print("entity_list =", entity_list)
print("attributes =", attributes)
print("relations=",relations)
# SQL statements to create tables for the relations
table_creation_statements = []
for entity in entity_list:
attributes_list = attributes[entity]
attribute_str = ', '.join([f'{attribute} VARCHAR(255)' for attribute in attributes_list])
table_creation_query = f"CREATE TABLE {entity} ({attribute_str});"
table_creation_statements.append(table_creation_query)
# SQL statements to create foreign keys for the relations
foreign_key_statements = []
for relation, details in relations.items():
left_entity, left_cardinality = details["left"]
right_entity, right_cardinality = details["right"]
foreign_key_query = f"ALTER TABLE {left_entity} " \
f"ADD CONSTRAINT FK_{left_entity}_{right_entity} " \
f"FOREIGN KEY ({left_entity.lower()}_id) " \
f"REFERENCES {right_entity}({right_entity.lower()}_id);"
foreign_key_statements.append(foreign_key_query)
import json
# Print only the SQL statements for Flask to use
if __name__ == "__main__":
sql_queries = "\n".join(table_creation_statements + foreign_key_statements)
# Split the SQL queries into lines
queries_lines = sql_queries.split('\n')
# Filter relevant lines starting with "CREATE TABLE" or "ALTER TABLE"
relevant_queries = [line for line in queries_lines if line.startswith(('CREATE TABLE', 'ALTER TABLE'))]
# Join the relevant queries into a string
formatted_queries = "\n".join(relevant_queries)
print(formatted_queries)
query_path = os.path.abspath('data/sql_queries.json')
# Save formatted_queries to a JSON file (optional)
with open(query_path, 'w') as sql_file:
json.dump(formatted_queries, sql_file)
entity_path = os.path.abspath('data/entity_list.json')
# Save entity_list to a JSON file
with open(entity_path, 'w') as entity_file:
json.dump(entity_list, entity_file)
attribute_path = os.path.abspath('data/attributes.json')
# Save attributes to a JSON file
with open(attribute_path, 'w') as attributes_file:
json.dump(attributes, attributes_file)
relationship_path = os.path.abspath('data/relations.json')
# Save relations to a JSON file
with open(relationship_path, 'w') as relations_file:
json.dump(relations, relations_file)
print("JSON files saved successfully.")
\ No newline at end of file
extract.py 0 → 100644
View file @ 0940822a
import cv2
import numpy as np
from spellchecker import SpellChecker
import json
from nltk.stem import SnowballStemmer
import keras_ocr
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
pipeline = keras_ocr.pipeline.Pipeline()
stemmer = SnowballStemmer("english")
image_file = "data/ER_sim_images/2.jpg"
img = cv2.imread(image_file)
inverted_image = cv2.bitwise_not(img)
plt.imshow(inverted_image)
image_path = "temp/inverted_image1.jpg"
results_test = pipeline.recognize([image_path])
word_list=[]
for i in range(len(results_test[0])):
word_info=results_test[0][i][0]
word = word_info
word_list.append(word)
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10, 10))
keras_ocr.tools.drawAnnotations(plt.imread(image_path), results_test[0], ax=ax)
ax.set_title('Extracted Result Example')
plt.show()
import cv2
from spellchecker import SpellChecker
import keras_ocr
pipeline = keras_ocr.pipeline.Pipeline()
spell = SpellChecker()
def extract_all_word(image_path):
inv_img_path = "temp/inverted_image1.jpg"
# Invert the images
inverted_image1 = cv2.bitwise_not(cv2.imread(image_path, cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE))
cv2.imwrite(inv_img_path, inverted_image1)
results = pipeline.recognize([inv_img_path])
word_list = [word[0] for word in results[0]]
# Correct the recognized words
corrected_word_list = []
for word in word_list:
corrected_word = spell.correction(word)
corrected_word_list.append(corrected_word)
return word_list, corrected_word_list
words, corected_words = extract_all_word('static/er_diagram.png')
words
with open('data/entity_list.json', 'r') as json_file:
json_word_list = json.load(json_file)
json_word_list = [word.lower() for word in json_word_list]
pred_list = [word.lower() for word in words]
for word in json_word_list:
if word in pred_list:
print(f"'{word}'")
else:
print(f"'{word}' is not in the predicted list.")
pred_list
with open('data/entity_list.json', 'r') as json_file:
json_word_list = json.load(json_file)
json_word_list = [word.lower() for word in json_word_list]
# Convert to lowercase
pred_list = [word.lower() for word in words]
match_count = 0
for word in json_word_list:
if word in pred_list:
print("Matched Entity:", word)
match_count += 1 # Increment match_count
pred_list.remove(word)
total_words = len(json_word_list)
marks1 = match_count / total_words
print(f"Allocated Entity Marks: {marks1}")
with open('data/attributes.json', 'r') as json_file:
attributes_data = json.load(json_file)
match_count2 = 0
# Extract all attributes into a list
all_attributes = []
for entity, attributes in attributes_data.items():
for attribute in attributes:
# Split the attribute by underscores (_)
separated_attribute = attribute.split("_")[-1]
all_attributes.append(separated_attribute.lower())
all_attributes = [attr.lower() for attr in all_attributes]
for attribute in all_attributes:
if attribute in pred_list:
match_count2 = match_count2+1
print(f"Matched Attribute:'{attribute}'")
pred_list.remove(attribute)
else:
print(f"'{attribute}' is not matched.")
total_words = len(all_attributes)
marks2 = match_count2 / total_words
print(f"Allocated Attribute Marks: {marks2}")
pred_list
with open('data/relations.json', 'r') as json_file:
relationships_data = json.load(json_file)
# Extract the first word from the keys
selected_verbs = [stemmer.stem(key.split()[0]) for key in relationships_data.keys()]
print(selected_verbs)
stemmed_prediction_list = [stemmer.stem(word) for word in pred_list]
print(stemmed_prediction_list)
marks_count = 0
for word in stemmed_prediction_list:
if word in selected_verbs:
marks_count += 1
total_words = len(selected_verbs)
marks3 = marks_count / total_words
print(f"Allocated Relationship Marks: {marks3}")
final_marks = (marks1 + marks2 + marks3) / 3 * 10
rounded_final_marks = round(final_marks, 2)
print("Your have,", rounded_final_marks, "/10 for your ER diagram:")
lib.py 0 → 100644
View file @ 0940822a
import nltk
nltk.download('wordnet')
requirements.txt 0 → 100644
View file @ 0940822a
matplotlib==3.7.1
nltk==3.8.1
numpy==1.23.5
pandas==2.0.2
scikit-learn==1.2.2
seaborn==0.12.2
joblib==1.2.0
imutils==0.5.4
Flask==2.3.2
keras-ocr==0.8.9
openai==0.27.8
tensorflow==2.12.0
seaborn==0.12.2
wheel==0.40.0
spellchecker==0.4
yarl==1.9.2
\ No newline at end of file
similarity.py 0 → 100644
View file @ 0940822a
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.keras.applications import VGG16
from tensorflow.keras.preprocessing import image
from tensorflow.keras.applications.vgg16 import preprocess_input
from sklearn.metrics.pairwise import cosine_similarity
import os
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import cv2
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import keras_ocr
import numpy as np
from spellchecker import SpellChecker
def perform_ocr_and_similarity(image_path1, image_path2):
# Read images from the input paths
img = cv2.imread(image_path1, cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
img2 = cv2.imread(image_path2, cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
# Invert the first uploaded image
inverted_image = cv2.bitwise_not(img)
# Save the inverted image to a temporary folder
temp_folder = "temp"
os.makedirs(temp_folder, exist_ok=True)
cv2.imwrite(os.path.join(temp_folder, "inverted_image1.jpg"), inverted_image)
# Invert the second uploaded image
inverted_image2 = cv2.bitwise_not(img2)
# Save the second inverted image to the temporary folder
cv2.imwrite(os.path.join(temp_folder, "inverted_image2.jpg"), inverted_image2)
# Perform OCR on the inverted images
pipeline = keras_ocr.pipeline.Pipeline()
image_path_inverted1 = os.path.join(temp_folder, "inverted_image1.jpg")
image_path_inverted2 = os.path.join(temp_folder, "inverted_image2.jpg")
results1 = pipeline.recognize([image_path_inverted1])
word_list1 = [word[0] for word in results1[0]]
results2 = pipeline.recognize([image_path_inverted2])
word_list2 = [word[0] for word in results2[0]]
# Correct the recognized words
spell = SpellChecker()
corrected_word_list1 = [spell.correction(word) for word in word_list1]
corrected_word_list2 = [spell.correction(word) for word in word_list2]
# Calculate Jaccard similarity for predicted and corrected words
def jaccard_similarity(set1, set2):
intersection = len(set1.intersection(set2))
union = len(set1.union(set2))
return intersection / union if union != 0 else 0 # Avoid division by zero
similarity_predicted_word = jaccard_similarity(set(word_list1), set(word_list2))
similarity_corrected_word = jaccard_similarity(set(corrected_word_list1), set(corrected_word_list2))
# Calculate image similarity
def calculate_image_similarity(image_path1, image_path2):
vgg_model = VGG16(weights='imagenet', include_top=False)
def preprocess_image(image_path):
img = image.load_img(image_path, target_size=(224, 224))
img = image.img_to_array(img)
img = preprocess_input(img)
img = tf.expand_dims(img, axis=0)
return img
img1 = preprocess_image(image_path1)
img2 = preprocess_image(image_path2)
features1 = vgg_model.predict(img1)
features2 = vgg_model.predict(img2)
# Reshape the features to 1D arrays
features1 = features1.flatten()
features2 = features2.flatten()
# Calculate cosine similarity between the feature vectors
similarity_score = cosine_similarity([features1], [features2])[0][0]
return similarity_score
# Calculate final similarity scores
image_score = calculate_image_similarity(image_path_inverted1, image_path_inverted2)
final_score_predicted = (similarity_predicted_word + image_score) / 2
final_score_corrected = (similarity_corrected_word + image_score) / 2
return word_list1, corrected_word_list1, word_list2, corrected_word_list2, final_score_predicted, final_score_corrected
similarity_of_images.ipynb 0 → 100644
View file @ 0940822a
This source diff could not be displayed because it is too large. You can view the blob instead.
static/ER_Analysis_data_set.csv 0 → 100644
View file @ 0940822a
This source diff could not be displayed because it is too large. You can view the blob instead.
templates/dashboard.html 0 → 100644
View file @ 0940822a
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<!-- Add the Bootstrap CSS link here -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<!-- Add Font Awesome CSS link here -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/6.0.0/css/all.min.css">
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Dashboard</title>
<style>
/* Additional CSS styles */
.navbar {
background-color: #333;
}
.navbar-nav .nav-link {
color: white;
}
.navbar-nav .nav-link:hover {
color: yellow;
}
.carousel-container {
background-color: #000; /* Set your desired background color */
overflow: hidden;
}
.carousel-item img {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
object-fit: cover; /* Ensure the image covers the entire slide */
}
.carousel {
width: 100%; /* Set carousel width to 100% */
height: 100%;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<!-- Navigation Bar -->
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-dark">
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">ER DIAGRAM TOOL</a>
<button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarNav" aria-controls="navbarNav"
aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
<span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
</button>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav">
<ul class="navbar-nav mr-auto">
{% if user_role == 'student' %}
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="{{ url_for('generate_er_diagram') }}"><i class="fas fa-database"></i> ER Diagram Generator</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="{{ url_for('quiz') }}"><i class="fas fa-question-circle"></i> AI Based Quiz</a>
</li>
{% elif user_role == 'teacher' %}
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="{{ url_for('generate_er_diagram') }}"><i class="fas fa-database"></i> ER Diagram Generator</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="{{ url_for('extract') }}"><i class="fas fa-project-diagram"></i> ER Diagram Extractor</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="{{ url_for('similarity') }}"><i class="fas fa-search"></i> Similarity Checker</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="{{ url_for('quiz_count') }}"><i class="fas fa-search"></i> Quiz count</a>
</li>
{% endif %}
</ul>
<ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="{{ url_for('logout') }}"><i class="fas fa-sign-out-alt"></i> Logout {{user_role}}</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="{{ url_for('home') }}"><i class="fas fa-home"></i> Home</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
<!-- Content Area -->
<!--<div class="container">-->
<div id="carouselExample" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel">
<div class="carousel-inner">
<div class="carousel-item active">
<img src="/static/diagram.webp" class="d-block w-100" alt="Slide 1">
</div>
<div class="carousel-item">
<img src="/static/diagram2.webp" class="d-block w-100" alt="Slide 2">
</div>
<div class="carousel-item">
<img src="/static/diagram3.webp" class="d-block w-100" alt="Slide 3">
</div>
<div class="carousel-item">
<img src="/static/diagram4.webp" class="d-block w-100" alt="Slide 4">
</div>
</div>
<a class="carousel-control-prev" href="#carouselExample" role="button" data-slide="prev">
<span class="carousel-control-prev-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Previous</span>
</a>
<a class="carousel-control-next" href="#carouselExample" role="button" data-slide="next">
<span class="carousel-control-next-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Next</span>
</a>
</div>
<!--</div>-->
<!-- Bootstrap JS, Popper.js, and jQuery scripts -->
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/popper.js@2.9.1/dist/umd/popper.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</body>
</body>
</html>
templates/er_diagram.html 0 → 100644
View file @ 0940822a
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<!-- Add the Bootstrap CSS link here -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<!-- Add Font Awesome CSS link here -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/6.0.0/css/all.min.css">
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>ER Diagram Generator</title>
<style>
/* Additional CSS styles */
/* Add your custom styles here */
</style>
</head>
<body>
<!-- Navigation Bar (if needed) -->
<!-- Content Area -->
<div class="container mt-4">
<h2>ER Diagram Generator</h2>
<form method="POST" action="{{ url_for('generate_er_diagram') }}">
{{ form.hidden_tag() }}
<div class="form-group">
{{ form.user_input.label(class="form-control-label") }}
{{ form.user_input(class="form-control") }}
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-1">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary custom-btn">Generate</button>
</div>
<div class="col-md-2">
<a href="{{ url_for('dashboard') }}" class="btn btn-secondary custom-btn">Back</a>
</div>
</div>
</form>
<!-- Display ER Diagram here -->
{% if er_diagram %}
<div class="mt-4">
<h3>Generated ER Diagram</h3>
<img src="{{ url_for('static', filename='er_diagram.png') }}" class="img-fluid" alt="ER Diagram">
<!-- Add a download button for the image -->
<a href="{{ url_for('static', filename='er_diagram.png') }}" download="er_diagram.png" class="btn btn-primary mt-2">
Download ER Diagram
</a>
</div>
{% endif %}
<!-- Display SQL Queries here -->
{% if sql_queries %}
<div class="mt-4">
<h3>Generated SQL Queries</h3>
<pre>{{ sql_queries }}</pre>
</div>
{% endif %}
</div>
<!-- Bootstrap JS scripts and other JS dependencies (if needed) -->
</body>
</html>
templates/extract.html 0 → 100644
View file @ 0940822a
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>ER Diagram Extraction</title>
<!-- Bootstrap CSS -->
<link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- Custom Styles -->
<style>
body {
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
background-color: #f4f7f9;
}
header {
background-color: #343a40;
color: #ffffff;
padding: 1.5rem 0;
text-align: center;
margin-bottom: 2rem;
border-bottom: 3px solid #e7e7e7;
}
.container {
background-color: #fff;
border-radius: 8px;
padding: 2rem;
box-shadow: 0px 10px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
}
table {
width: 100%;
border-collapse: collapse;
margin-top: 2rem;
}
table, th, td {
border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
}
th, td {
padding: 1rem;
text-align: left;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<header>
<h2>ER Diagram Extraction</h2>
</header>
<div class="container mt-4">
<form action="/extract" method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="image"><strong>Upload ER Diagram:</strong></label>
<input type="file" name="image" class="form-control">
</div>
<div class="d-flex justify-content-between">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Extract</button>
<a href="{{ url_for('dashboard') }}" class="btn btn-outline-secondary">Back</a>
</div>
</form>
{% if result %}
<h3 class="mt-5">Extraction Results</h3>
<table class="table table-bordered table-hover">
<thead class="bg-light">
<tr>
<th>Word</th>
<th>Corrected Word</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for i in range(result['words']|length) %}
<tr>
<td>{{ result['words'][i] }}</td>
<td>{{ result['corrected_words'][i] }}</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>Matched Entities</h4>
<ul>
{% for entity in result['matched_entities'] %}
<li>{{ entity }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
<h4>Marks</h4>
<ul>
<li>Marks 1: {{ result['marks1'] }}</li>
<li>Marks 2: {{ result['marks2'] }}</li>
<li>Marks 3: {{ result['marks3'] }}</li>
<li>Final Marks: {{ result['final_marks'] }}</li>
</ul>
{% else %}
<p class="mt-4 text-muted">No results available. Please upload an ER Diagram to extract.</p>
{% endif %}
</div>
<!-- Optional JavaScript -->
<!-- jQuery first, then Popper.js, then Bootstrap JS -->
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.16.0/umd/popper.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
templates/home.html 0 → 100644
View file @ 0940822a
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<!-- Add the Bootstrap CSS link here -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>ER Diagram Tool</title>
<style>
/* Additional CSS styles */
body, html {
height: 100%;
background: url('/static/back.png') no-repeat center center fixed;
-webkit-background-size: cover;
-moz-background-size: cover;
-o-background-size: cover;
background-size: cover;
}
.container {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
height: 100%;
}
.card {
width: fit-content;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="card">
<div class="card-body text-center">
<h1 class="card-title">WELCOME TO THE ER DIAGRAM TOOL</h1>
<p class="card-text">Please register or log in to use this tool.</p>
<a href="{{ url_for('login') }}" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg btn-block">Login</a>
<a href="{{ url_for('register') }}" class="btn btn-success btn-lg btn-block mt-3">Register</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
templates/login.html 0 → 100644
View file @ 0940822a
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<!-- Add the Bootstrap CSS link here -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Login</title>
<style>
body {
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
background: url('/static/cover.png') no-repeat center center fixed;
-webkit-background-size: cover;
-moz-background-size: cover;
-o-background-size: cover;
background-size: cover;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
height: 100vh;
margin: 0;
}
.card {
max-width: 400px;
width: 100%;
}
.card-body {
padding: 20px;
}
input[type="text"], input[type="password"] {
font-size: 16px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="card">
<div class="card-body text-center">
<h1 class="card-title">LOGIN PAGE</h1>
<form method="POST" action="">
{{ form.hidden_tag() }}
<div class="form-group">
{{ form.username(class="form-control", placeholder="Username") }}
</div>
<div class="form-group">
{{ form.password(class="form-control", placeholder="Password") }}
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-block">Login</button>
</form>
<a href="{{ url_for('register') }}" class="mt-3">Don't have an account? Sign Up</a>
<div>
<a href="{{ url_for('home') }}">Back to Home</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
templates/quiz.html 0 → 100644
View file @ 0940822a
<html>
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.16.0/umd/popper.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
{% block content %}
<div class="container mt-5">
{% if step == 'select_num_questions' %}
<div class="card">
<div class="card-body">
<h5 class="card-title">Quiz Selection</h5>
<form action="/quiz" method="post">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="num_questions">Select number of questions:</label>
<select class="form-control" name="num_questions" id="num_questions">
<option value="10">10</option>
<option value="20">20</option>
<option value="30">30</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Start Quiz</button></div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<a href="{{ url_for('dashboard') }}" class="btn btn-secondary">Back to Dashboard</a>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
{% elif step == 'answer' %}
<form action="/quiz" method="post">
<div class="card mb-4">
<div class="card-header bg-primary text-white">
Answer the Questions
</div>
<div class="card-body bg-light">
{% for question in questions %}
<div class="row mb-3">
<div class="col-md-8">
<label>{{ loop.index }}. {{ question }}</label>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<input type="text" class="form-control" name="user_answer">
</div>
</div>
{% endfor %}
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-1">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-success">Submit</button>
</div>
<div class="col-md-2">
<a href="{{ url_for('dashboard') }}" class="btn btn-secondary custom-btn">Back</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</form>
{% elif step == 'results' %}
<h2>Results</h2>
<div class="alert alert-info" role="alert">
Final Score: {{ correct_count }} out of {{ questions|length }}
</div>
{% for answer, similarity in zip(user_answers, similarity_scores_list) %}
<div class="card mb-3">
<div class="card-body">
<p><strong>Your Answer:</strong> {{ answer }}</p>
<p><strong>Similarity Score:</strong> {{ similarity }}</p>
</div>
</div>
{% endfor %}
<div>
<a href="{{ url_for('dashboard') }}" class="btn btn-secondary">Back to Dashboard</a>
</div>
{% if recommended_topics %}
<h2 class="mt-5">Recommended Topics</h2>
<ul class="list-group">
{% for topic in recommended_topics[:3] %}
<li class="list-group-item">{{ topic }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{% endif %}
{% endif %}
</div>
<div class="mt-5">
<br>
</div>
{% endblock %}
</body>
</html>
\ No newline at end of file
templates/quiz_count.html 0 → 100644
View file @ 0940822a
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Quiz Count</title>
<link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/5.15.3/css/all.min.css">
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script>
<style>
.topic-item {
display: inline-block;
margin: 5px;
padding: 5px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
cursor: pointer;
}
</style>
</head>
<body style="background-color: #f8f9fa;">
<div class="container mt-5">
<div class="row justify-content-center">
<div class="col-md-6">
<div class="card shadow-lg">
<div class="card-body">
<h5 class="card-title text-center text-primary">Quiz Configuration</h5>
<hr>
<form action="{{ url_for('quiz_count') }}" method="post">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="num_questions"><i class="fas fa-question-circle"></i> Number of Questions:</label>
<select class="form-control" name="num_questions" id="num_questions">
<option value="10">10</option>
<option value="20">20</option>
<option value="30">30</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="topics"><i class="fas fa-book-open"></i> Topics:</label>
<select class="form-control" name="topics" id="topics" multiple size="8">
<!-- topics will be populated by JavaScript -->
</select>
</div>
<div class="selected-topics mb-3">
<!-- To display the selected topics -->
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-block">Set Number of Quiz and Topics</button>
</form>
{% if message %}
<div class="alert alert-info mt-3">
{{ message }}
</div>
{% endif %}
<div class="text-center mt-3">
<a href="{{ url_for('dashboard') }}" class="btn btn-outline-secondary"><i class="fas fa-arrow-left"></i> Back to Home</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script>
$(document).ready(function() {
// Initialize topics
const topics = [
"Cloud Computing", "Cybersecurity", "Data Science",
"Artificial Intelligence", "Machine Learning", "Software Development",
"Probability", "Statistics", "Web Development",
"Supervised Learning", "Unsupervised Learning", "Data Visualization"
];
// Populate dropdown with topics
topics.forEach(topic => {
$('#topics').append($('<option>', { value: topic, text: topic }));
});
// When a topic is selected from the dropdown
$('#topics').change(function() {
let selectedTopic = $(this).val();
if (selectedTopic) {
// Display it in the container
let topicElem = $("<span class='topic-item'>" + selectedTopic + "</span>");
$('.selected-topics').append(topicElem);
// Remove the selected topic from the dropdown
$(this).find('option:selected').remove();
}
});
// When a displayed topic is clicked
$(document).on('click', '.topic-item', function() {
let topic = $(this).text();
// Add the topic back to the dropdown
$('#topics').append($('<option>', { value: topic, text: topic }));
// Remove the topic from the displayed list
$(this).remove();
});
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
\ No newline at end of file
templates/register.html 0 → 100644
View file @ 0940822a
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<!-- Add the Bootstrap CSS link here -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Register</title>
<style>
body {
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
background: url('/static/cover.png') no-repeat center center fixed;
-webkit-background-size: cover;
-moz-background-size: cover;
-o-background-size: cover;
background-size: cover;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
height: 100vh;
margin: 0;
}
.card {
max-width: 400px;
width: 100%;
}
.card-body {
padding: 20px;
}
input[type="text"], input[type="password"] {
font-size: 16px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="card">
<div class="card-body text-center">
<h1 class="card-title">REGISTER PAGE</h1>
<form method="POST" action="">
{{ form.hidden_tag() }}
<div class="form-group">
{{ form.username(class="form-control", placeholder="Username") }}
</div>
<div class="form-group">
{{ form.password(class="form-control", placeholder="Password") }}
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-success btn-block">Register</button>
</form>
<a href="{{ url_for('login') }}" class="mt-3">Already have an account? Log In</a>
<div>
<a href="{{ url_for('home') }}">Back to Home</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
templates/similarity.html 0 → 100644
View file @ 0940822a
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Image Similarity Checker</title>
<!-- Bootstrap CSS Link -->
<link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<style>
body {
background-color: #f8f9fa;
}
.container {
margin-top: 50px;
}
.result-box {
background-color: #ffffff;
padding: 20px;
border-radius: 10px;
box-shadow: 0px 0px 10px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
margin-top: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<h1 class="mb-4">Image Similarity Checker</h1>
<form action="/similarity" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="image1">Image 1:</label>
<input type="file" class="form-control" name="image1" accept="image/*" required>
</div>
<div class="form-group mb-3">
<label for="image2">Image 2:</label>
<input type="file" class="form-control" name="image2" accept="image/*" required>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-1">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Check</button>
</div>
<div class="col-md-1">
<a href="{{ url_for('dashboard') }}" class="btn btn-secondary">Back</a>
</div>
</div>
</form>
<!-- Display the similarity result here -->
<div class="result-box mt-5">
<h2>Similarity Result</h2>
<p>{{ similarity_result }}</p>
<!-- Display detailed results -->
{% if detailed_results %}
<h2>Detailed Results</h2>
<p><strong>Predicted Word List 1:</strong> {{ detailed_results.word_list1 }}</p>
<p><strong>Corrected Word List 1:</strong> {{ detailed_results.corrected_word_list1 }}</p>
<p><strong>Predicted Word List 2:</strong> {{ detailed_results.word_list2 }}</p>
<p><strong>Corrected Word List 2:</strong> {{ detailed_results.corrected_word_list2 }}</p>
<p><strong>Final Predicted Similarity Score (predicted words):</strong> {{ detailed_results.pred }}</p>
<p><strong>Final Predicted Similarity Score (corrected words):</strong> {{ detailed_results.corr }}</p>
{% endif %}
</div>
<!-- Display preview images -->
{% if similarity_result %}
<div class="row mt-5">
<div class="col-md-6">
<h2>Image 1 Preview</h2>
<img src="/images/inverted_image1.jpg" class="img-fluid" alt="Image 1">
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<h2>Image 2 Preview</h2>
<img src="/images/inverted_image2.jpg" class="img-fluid" alt="Image 2">
</div>
</div>
{% endif %}
</div>
<!-- Bootstrap JS and Popper.js Scripts (placed at the end of the document for faster loading) -->
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
users.csv 0 → 100644
View file @ 0940822a
id,username,password,role
1,student,student,student
2,teacher,teacher,teacher
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